Shape Functions for Curved 2-D Triangular Element
 

Hello Friends,

I am looking for references on shape functions and numerical integration for evaluating element stiffness matrix for curved 2-D triangular element using iso-parametric formulation. Most of the books discuss sub-parametric formulation. My geometry is complex and curvilinear. From what I gathered sub-parametric formulation is not recommended in such cases. Can anyone please name some references: books, papers or web links (preferable).

Thanks

Abhijit Tilak