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"reactingParcelFoam" active gravity, high courant number

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Old   March 24, 2016, 16:43
Default "reactingParcelFoam" active gravity, high courant number
  #1
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Bijan Darbari
Join Date: Nov 2015
Posts: 48
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Dear all

I,m solving laminar flow and heat transfer of liquid water between two parallel plates. for the first case, lagrangian particles didn't injected.

when the gravity is ( 0 0 0 ), the courant number is less than 0.12 but when the gravity is ( 0 -9.81 0 ) or ( 0 9.81 0 ) and with the same time step & BC, the courant number is higher than 200.
the case file attached.

1- what is the problem for hight courant number??
2- Is P boundary condition true??
3- Is thermophysical properties true for liquid water with constant value ( no variate with temperature )??

Boundary and Initial conditions:
Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| =========                 |                                                 |
| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  3.0.1                                 |
|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.org                      |
|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       volScalarField;
    location    "0";
    object      H2O;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];

internalField   uniform 1.0;

boundaryField
{
    frontAndBack
    {
        type            empty;
    }
    
    top
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }

    bottom
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }


    outlet
    {
        type            inletOutlet;
        inletValue      uniform 0.0;
    }
    
    inlet
    {
        type            fixedValue;
        value           uniform 1.0;
    }
}


// ************************************************************************* //
Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| =========                 |                                                 |
| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  3.0.1                                 |
|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.org                      |
|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       volScalarField;
    location    "0";
    object      p;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

dimensions      [1 -1 -2 0 0 0 0];

internalField   uniform 100000;

boundaryField
{
    frontAndBack
    {
        type            empty;
    }
    
    inlet
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }
    
    outlet
    {
        type            fixedValue;
        value           uniform 100000;
    }
    top
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }
    bottom
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }
}


// ************************************************************************* //
Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| =========                 |                                                 |
| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  3.0.1                                 |
|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.org                      |
|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       volScalarField;
    location    "0";
    object      T;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

dimensions      [0 0 0 1 0 0 0];

internalField   uniform 273.0;

boundaryField
{
    frontAndBack
    {
        type            empty;
    }
    
    top
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }
    bottom
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }
    outlet
    {
        type            inletOutlet;
        inletValue      uniform 273.0;
    }
   
    inlet
    {
        type            fixedValue;
        value           uniform 273.0;
    }
}


// ************************************************************************* //
Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| =========                 |                                                 |
| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  3.0.1                                 |
|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.org                      |
|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       volVectorField;
    location    "0";
    object      U;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

dimensions      [0 1 -1 0 0 0 0];

internalField   uniform (0 0 0);

boundaryField
{
    frontAndBack
    {
        type           empty;
    }
    
    inlet
    {
        type            fixedValue;
        value           uniform (0.001 0 0);
    }
   
    outlet
    {
        type            inletOutlet;
        inletValue      uniform (0 0 0);
    }
    top
    {
        type            fixedValue;
        value           uniform (0 0 0);
    }
    bottom
    {
        type            fixedValue;
        value           uniform (0 0 0);
    }
}


// ************************************************************************* //

the flow is laminar and turbulence is off:

Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| =========                 |                                                 |
| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  3.0.1                                 |
|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.org                      |
|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       dictionary;
    object      turbulenceProperties;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

simulationType  laminar;

RAS
{
    RASModel            kEpsilon;

    turbulence          off;

    printCoeffs         off;
}


// ************************************************************************* //
chemistry , combustion and radiation is off

lgrangian particles didn't injected.

reactions:

Code:
species
(
    
    H2O
);

reactions
{}
thermophysical properties have constant value:

Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| =========                 |                                                 |
| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  3.0.1                                 |
|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.org                      |
|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       dictionary;
    location    "constant";
    object      thermophysicalProperties;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

thermoType
{
    type            heRhoThermo;
    mixture         reactingMixture;
    transport       polynomial;
    thermo          hPolynomial;
    energy          sensibleEnthalpy;
    equationOfState icoPolynomial;
    specie          specie;
}

dpdt no;

chemistryReader foamChemistryReader;

foamChemistryFile "$FOAM_CASE/constant/reactions";

foamChemistryThermoFile "$FOAM_CASE/constant/thermo.incompressiblePoly";

inertSpecie     H2O;

liquids
{
    H2O
    {
        defaultCoeffs   yes;
    }
}

solids
{
    C
    {
        defaultCoeffs   no;
        // if  defaultCoeffs no properties should be :
        CCoeffs
        {
            rho             2010;
            Cp              710;
            K               0.04;
            Hf              0;
            emissivity      1.0;
        }
    }
    
}



// ************************************************************************* //
Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| =========                 |                                                 |
| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  3.0.1                                 |
|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.org                      |
|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       dictionary;
    location    "constant";
    object      thermo.incompressiblePoly;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //



H2O
{
    specie
    {
        nMoles          1;
        molWeight       18.0153;
    }
    equationOfState
    {
        rhoCoeffs<8>    ( 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 );
    }
    thermodynamics
    {
        Hf              -13423000;
        Sf              10482;
        CpCoeffs<8>     ( 4800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 );
    }
    transport
    {
        muCoeffs<8>     ( 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 );
        kappaCoeffs<8>  ( 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 );
    }
}





// ************************************************************************* //
system files:

Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| =========                 |                                                 |
| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  3.0.1                                 |
|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.org                      |
|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       dictionary;
    location    "system";
    object      controlDict;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

application     reactingParcelFoam;

startFrom       latestTime;

startTime       0;

stopAt          endTime;

endTime         10000;

deltaT          1;

writeControl    adjustableRunTime;

writeInterval   250;

purgeWrite      0;

writeFormat     ascii;

writePrecision  10;

writeCompression off;

timeFormat      general;

timePrecision   6;

runTimeModifiable true;

adjustTimeStep  no;

maxCo           6;

maxDeltaT       1;

functions
{
    faceSource1
    {
        type            faceSource;
        functionObjectLibs ("libfieldFunctionObjects.so");
        enabled         yes;
        outputControl   outputTime;
        log             yes;
        valueOutput     no;
        source          patch;
        sourceName      outlet;
        operation       weightedAverage;
        weightField     phi;

        fields
        (
            H2O
            T
        );
    }
}

// ************************************************************************* //
Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| =========                 |                                                 |
| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  3.0.1                                 |
|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.org                      |
|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       dictionary;
    location    "system";
    object      fvSchemes;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

ddtSchemes
{
    default         Euler;
}

gradSchemes
{
    default         Gauss linear;
}

divSchemes
{
    default         none;
    div(phi,U)      Gauss upwind;
    div(phid,p)     Gauss upwind;
    div(phi,K)      Gauss upwind;
    div(phi,h)      Gauss upwind;
    div(phi,k)      Gauss upwind;
    div(phi,epsilon) Gauss upwind;
    div(phi,omega) Gauss upwind;
    div(((rho*nuEff)*dev2(T(grad(U))))) Gauss linear;
    div(phi,Yi_h)   Gauss upwind;
}

laplacianSchemes
{
    default         Gauss linear uncorrected;
}

interpolationSchemes
{
    default         linear;
}

snGradSchemes
{
    default         uncorrected;
}

wallDist
{
    method meshWave;
}


// ************************************************************************* //
Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| =========                 |                                                 |
| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  3.0.1                                 |
|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.org                      |
|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       dictionary;
    location    "system";
    object      fvSolution;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

solvers
{
    rho
    {
        solver          PCG;
        preconditioner  DIC;
        tolerance       1e-05;
        relTol          0.1;
    }

    rhoFinal
    {
        $rho;
        tolerance       1e-05;
        relTol          0;
    }

    "(U|k|omega)"
    {
        solver          smoothSolver;
        smoother        symGaussSeidel;
        tolerance       1e-06;
        relTol          0.1;
    }

    "(U|k|omega)Final"
    {
        $U;
        tolerance       1e-06;
        relTol          0;
    }

    p
    {
        solver          GAMG;
        tolerance       1e-5;
        relTol          0.1;
        smoother        DICGaussSeidel;
        nPreSweeps      0;
        nPostSweeps     2;
        cacheAgglomeration true;
        nCellsInCoarsestLevel 10;
        agglomerator    faceAreaPair;
        mergeLevels     1;
    }

    pFinal
    {
        $p;
        tolerance       1e-06;
        relTol          0;
    }

    Phi
    {
        $p;
    }

    "(Yi|O2|N2|H2O)"
    {
        solver          PBiCG;
        preconditioner  DILU;
        tolerance       1e-6;
        relTol          0;
    }
    h
    {
        $Yi;
        relTol          0.1;
    }
    hFinal
    {
        $Yi;
    }
}

potentialFlow
{
    // Used for potentialFoam initialisation
    nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 5;
}

PIMPLE
{
    transonic       no;
    nOuterCorrectors 1;
    nCorrectors     3;
    nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
    momentumPredictor yes;
}

relaxationFactors
{
    equations
    {
        ".*"            0.3;
    }
}

best regards and sorry for poor english. 
bijan.

// ************************************************************************* //
Attached Files
File Type: zip mycase.zip (165.2 KB, 13 views)
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Old   March 24, 2016, 16:44
Default
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Bijan Darbari
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Posts: 48
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solution log for gravity off :

Code:
Courant Number mean: 0.00025 max: 0.025

Starting time loop



Courant Number mean: 0.00025 max: 0.025
Time = 1


Solving 2-D cloud reactingCloud1
Cloud: reactingCloud1
    Current number of parcels       = 0
    Current mass in system          = 0
    Linear momentum                 = (0 0 0)
   |Linear momentum|                = 0
    Linear kinetic energy           = 0
    model1:
        number of parcels added     = 0
        mass introduced             = 0
    Parcel fate (number, mass)      : patch frontAndBack
      - escape                      = 0, 0
      - stick                       = 0, 0
    Parcel fate (number, mass)      : patch top
      - escape                      = 0, 0
      - stick                       = 0, 0
    Parcel fate (number, mass)      : patch bottom
      - escape                      = 0, 0
      - stick                       = 0, 0
    Parcel fate (number, mass)      : patch inlet
      - escape                      = 0, 0
      - stick                       = 0, 0
    Parcel fate (number, mass)      : patch outlet
      - escape                      = 0, 0
      - stick                       = 0, 0
    Temperature min/max             = 0, 0
    Mass transfer phase change      = 0
    Mass transfer devolatilisation  = 0
    Mass transfer surface reaction  = 0

diagonal:  Solving for rho, Initial residual = 0, Final residual = 0, No Iterations 0
rho min/max = 1000, 1050
PIMPLE: iteration 1
smoothSolver:  Solving for Ux, Initial residual = 1, Final residual = 2.805340292e-09, No Iterations 3
smoothSolver:  Solving for Uy, Initial residual = 1, Final residual = 8.035659584e-07, No Iterations 2
DILUPBiCG:  Solving for h, Initial residual = 0.2856871627, Final residual = 1.579236067e-07, No Iterations 1
T gas min/max   = 273, 273
GAMG:  Solving for p, Initial residual = 0.9999996455, Final residual = 0.06969518796, No Iterations 4
diagonal:  Solving for rho, Initial residual = 0, Final residual = 0, No Iterations 0
rho min/max = 999.8685806, 1000.213728
time step continuity errors : sum local = 3.484765787e-05, global = 1.074365892e-06, cumulative = 1.074365892e-06
p min/max = 100000, 100008.7442
GAMG:  Solving for p, Initial residual = 0.000695904952, Final residual = 3.053024336e-05, No Iterations 4
diagonal:  Solving for rho, Initial residual = 0, Final residual = 0, No Iterations 0
rho min/max = 999.9805234, 1000.010166
time step continuity errors : sum local = 3.057088162e-06, global = -2.415305235e-08, cumulative = 1.05021284e-06
p min/max = 100000, 100008.221
GAMG:  Solving for p, Initial residual = 5.390452973e-05, Final residual = 7.136039323e-07, No Iterations 5
diagonal:  Solving for rho, Initial residual = 0, Final residual = 0, No Iterations 0
rho min/max = 999.9996818, 1000.000402
time step continuity errors : sum local = 6.711047412e-08, global = 4.424744286e-10, cumulative = 1.050655314e-06
p min/max = 100000, 100008.2055
ExecutionTime = 0.37 s  ClockTime = 0 s

Courant Number mean: 0.05003502313 max: 0.05579121988
Time = 2

solution log for gravity on:

Code:

Courant Number mean: 0.00025 max: 0.025
Time = 1


Solving 2-D cloud reactingCloud1
Cloud: reactingCloud1
    Current number of parcels       = 0
    Current mass in system          = 0
    Linear momentum                 = (0 0 0)
   |Linear momentum|                = 0
    Linear kinetic energy           = 0
    model1:
        number of parcels added     = 0
        mass introduced             = 0
    Parcel fate (number, mass)      : patch frontAndBack
      - escape                      = 0, 0
      - stick                       = 0, 0
    Parcel fate (number, mass)      : patch top
      - escape                      = 0, 0
      - stick                       = 0, 0
    Parcel fate (number, mass)      : patch bottom
      - escape                      = 0, 0
      - stick                       = 0, 0
    Parcel fate (number, mass)      : patch inlet
      - escape                      = 0, 0
      - stick                       = 0, 0
    Parcel fate (number, mass)      : patch outlet
      - escape                      = 0, 0
      - stick                       = 0, 0
    Temperature min/max             = 0, 0
    Mass transfer phase change      = 0
    Mass transfer devolatilisation  = 0
    Mass transfer surface reaction  = 0

diagonal:  Solving for rho, Initial residual = 0, Final residual = 0, No Iterations 0
rho min/max = 1000, 1050
PIMPLE: iteration 1
smoothSolver:  Solving for Ux, Initial residual = 1, Final residual = 2.805340292e-09, No Iterations 3
smoothSolver:  Solving for Uy, Initial residual = 1, Final residual = 2.966526768e-09, No Iterations 3
DILUPBiCG:  Solving for h, Initial residual = 1, Final residual = 5.64040657e-08, No Iterations 1
T gas min/max   = 273, 273.0014317
GAMG:  Solving for p, Initial residual = 1, Final residual = 0.04163055794, No Iterations 3
diagonal:  Solving for rho, Initial residual = 0, Final residual = 0, No Iterations 0
rho min/max = -2281.560355, 5108.947993
time step continuity errors : sum local = 1.999663788, global = -0.001721107908, cumulative = -0.001721107908
p min/max = 99479.12454, 100515.4398
GAMG:  Solving for p, Initial residual = 0.05047663126, Final residual = 0.002611005543, No Iterations 2
diagonal:  Solving for rho, Initial residual = 0, Final residual = 0, No Iterations 0
rho min/max = 435.5717129, 1463.947779
time step continuity errors : sum local = 0.2470687835, global = -0.0009165126734, cumulative = -0.002637620581
p min/max = 99504.44821, 100491.853
GAMG:  Solving for p, Initial residual = 0.004542281576, Final residual = 8.231223166e-07, No Iterations 7
diagonal:  Solving for rho, Initial residual = 0, Final residual = 0, No Iterations 0
rho min/max = 999.7620395, 1000.193203
time step continuity errors : sum local = 7.466847065e-05, global = -2.245892034e-06, cumulative = -0.002639866474
p min/max = 99515.60157, 100498.0338
ExecutionTime = 0.28 s  ClockTime = 0 s

Courant Number mean: 13.85735011 max: 757.6955919
Time = 2
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Old   March 26, 2016, 09:46
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Bijan Darbari
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I'm waiting for a response!
It's there any suggestion to solve this problem??
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Old   June 1, 2016, 04:31
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Ping Chang
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Quote:
Originally Posted by bijan darbari View Post
I'm waiting for a response!
It's there any suggestion to solve this problem??
Hi bijian,

Have you solved your problem? I met the same problem as yours.
why my Current number of parcels always 0

Regards,

Ping
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Old   June 1, 2016, 06:28
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Bijan Darbari
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Dear chpjz0391

No, I didn't solve it. because I neglect gravity.

What's parcel courant number?? I didn't see that during my solution!!!

I guess the cause of this problem is that "reactingparcelfoam" is a compressible solver that solve enthalpy for energy equation and when the gravity is activated, the unreal value of pressure cause the solver to diverge and have high courant number.
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Old   June 1, 2016, 20:57
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Ping Chang
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Quote:
Originally Posted by bijan darbari View Post
Dear chpjz0391

No, I didn't solve it. because I neglect gravity.

What's parcel courant number?? I didn't see that during my solution!!!

I guess the cause of this problem is that "reactingparcelfoam" is a compressible solver that solve enthalpy for energy equation and when the gravity is activated, the unreal value of pressure cause the solver to diverge and have high courant number.
Actually I was simulating a steady state.
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Old   May 24, 2022, 20:49
Default reactingFoam
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Pooria
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Hello all,


Have you been able to solve this issue?


I am solving steady state compressible reactingFoam OpenFOAM 9 and I get really high courant number in the order of 5000-10000.


I am absolutely stuck to this issue. Any help or hint is quite appreciated.


Cheers,
/Pooria
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Old   May 25, 2022, 15:52
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Bijan Darbari
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Dear Pooria

I have forgotten whether I solved this issue or not. But finally I simplified the "reactingparcelfoam" and combined it with "pimplefoam" as my case was incompressible and did not have reaction, mass transfer, and ....
So may be this problem was eliminated during this simplifying procedure. As I converted it to an incompressible solver.

But if you really find this problem serious, you can report it to the "https://bugs.openfoam.org/rules.php". maybe this is a real bug.
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