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Turbulence intensity

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<math>U</math> can be computed from the three mean velocity components <math>U_x</math>, <math>U_y</math> and <math>U_z</math> as:
<math>U</math> can be computed from the three mean velocity components <math>U_x</math>, <math>U_y</math> and <math>U_z</math> as:
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:<math>U \equiv \sqrt{U_x^2 + U_y^2 + U_z^2)}</math>
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:<math>U \equiv \sqrt{U_x^2 + U_y^2 + U_z^2}</math>
==Estimating the turbulence intensity==
==Estimating the turbulence intensity==

Revision as of 15:26, 23 March 2006

Definition

The turbulence intensity is defined as:

Tu \equiv \frac{u'}{U}

Where u' is the root-mean-square of the turbulent velocity fluctuations and U is the mean velocity (Reynolds averaged).

If the turbulent energy, k, is known u' can be computed as:

u' = \sqrt{\frac{2}{3}\, k}

U can be computed from the three mean velocity components U_x, U_y and U_z as:

U \equiv \sqrt{U_x^2 + U_y^2 + U_z^2}

Estimating the turbulence intensity

When setting boundary conditions for a CFD simulation it is often necessary to estimate the turbulence intensity on the inlets. To do this accurately it is necessary to have some form of measurements or previous experince to base the estimate on. Here are a few examples of common estimations of the incoming turbulence intensity:

  1. High-turbulence case: High-speed flow inside complex geometries like heat-exchanges and the flow inside a turbine or compressor. Typically Tu is between 5% and 20%
  2. Medium-turbulence case: Flow in not-so-complex devices like large pipes, ventilation flows etc. or flow with low speed (low Reynolds number). Typically Tu is between 1% and 5%
  3. Low-turbulence case: Flow originating from a fluid that stands still, like the flow across cars, submarines and aircrafts. Very high-quality wind-tunnels can also reach really low turbulence levels. Typically Tu is very low, well below 1%. In this case Tu is normally not used directly to set the inlet conditions for a CFD simulation. Instead a typical eddy viscosity ratio is estimated.
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