Hello Everyone:

Following has been my observation:

I find that CFD always under predicts pressure drop and over predicts heat transfer coefficient when compared with experiments.

Why CFD under predicts pressure drop is obvious. Can someone tell why it over predicts heat transfer coefficient?

Thanks,

Thomas

(1). I would say that it is possible to predict laminar flows accurately using CFD approaches. (2). For turbulent flows, it is very difficult to obtain good results, without systematic modification and validation of the turbulence models.