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Viscous term in Navier Stokes Equations

Hi

This might seem like a bit of a basic question, but what should the viscous term be,

Some authors give it as,

$\frac{1}{Re} \left(\frac{d^2u}{dx^2} +\frac{d^2u}{dy^2}+\frac{d^2u}{dz^2}\right)$
(Griebel et al: 1998), (Matyaka: 2003)

Yet others give it as,

$\mu\left(\frac{d^2u}{dx^2} +\frac{d^2u}{dy^2}+\frac{d^2u}{dz^2}\right)$
(Patankar; 1980)

If

$Re=\frac{\rho U d}{\mu}$

then surley the two can't be equivelent... or have I missed someting verry big somewhere?

Dan

Hi

The first one corresponds to non-dimensonalized equations, and the second one in dimensional form

I presume then if I am creating a finite volume solver for unsteady flows over complex geometries, I need the dimensional form.

Yet many authours seem to be usind the non-dimentionalized formulation.

Come to think of it did strike me as odd when in ("Numerical Simulation in Fluid Dynamics,A practical introduction", Griebel et al; 1998)

The authour seemed to be sugesting the use of the first form over complex geometries, where a

for the definition of Re would be hard to define.

Dan

I have also come across a third form of the viscous term

$\rho \nu \frac{\delta}{\delta x_j}\left(\frac{\delta U_i}{\delta x_j} + \frac{\delta U_j}{\delta x_i} \right)$
("Benchmark Computations of Laminar Flow around a Cylindr", Schafer and Turek; 1996, Notes on numerical dluid mechanics; 52, 547-566)
("Incompressibel Fluid Dynamics", Hunt; 1964)
this seems to relate directly to the visous fluid stress tensor,

$\tau_{i,j}=\mu\left(\frac{\delta u_i}{\delta x_j}+\frac{\delta u_j}{\delta x_i}\right)$
("Introduction to computational fluid dynamics", Date; 2005)

as far as I can tell this adds another three elements to the viscous term, so for a three dimensional flow the term would be,

$\rho \nu \left(\frac{\delta}{\delta x}\left(\frac{\delta u}{\delta x} + \frac{\delta u}{\delta x} \right) + \frac{\delta}{\delta y}\left(\frac{\delta v}{\delta x} + \frac{\delta u}{\delta y}\right)+\frac{\delta}{\delta z}\left(\frac{\delta w}{\delta x} + \frac{\delta u}{\delta z} \right) \right)$

the connection to the stress tensor seems logical, however I cand seem to find a direct derivation.

Inconsistancy between available literature sources seems to be sending me in circles,

Can anyone help me figure out which formulation I need?

Dan

The same equation can be written in many ways. CFD Wiki provides a more general dimensional form, which is valid for compressible flows (some of your examples assume incompressible flow):

http://www.cfd-online.com/Wiki/Navier-Stokes_equations

Hi Pete,

I'm still strugelling to see the equivelence the link you posted gave the viscos term for the ith dimension as,

$\frac{\delta \tau_{i,j}}{\delta x_j}$

which agrees with the formulation in my last post, yet how can this be equivelent to the formulations in my original post, if the entire rest of the equation of momentum matches up, except for the three added terms,

$\rho \nu \left(\frac{\delta^2 u}{\delta x ^2}+ \frac{\delta^2 v}{\delta x \delta y}+ \frac{\delta^2 w}{\delta x \delta z}\right)$

Unless these terms all cancel out to zero..or I'm simpy interpreting the notation incorrectly.

Hi

your \tau_{ij} term has a missing term. According to stokes hypothesis for a Newtonian fluid \tau_{ij} = \left( \frac{\partial u_i}{\partial x_j}+\frac{\partial u_j}{\partial x_i} - \frac{2}{3}\frac{\partial u_i}{\partial x_j}\delta_{ij}

and apply divergence to this quantity

Quote:

Originally Posted by dandalf (Post 283772)

In the incompressible case the extra terms are simplified based on the continuity equation:

$\rho \nu \left(\frac{\delta^2 u}{\delta x ^2}+ \frac{\delta^2 v}{\delta x \delta y}+ \frac{\delta^2 w}{\delta x \delta z}\right)=\rho \nu\frac{\delta}{\delta x} \left(\frac{\delta u}{\delta x }+ \frac{\delta v}{\delta y }+ \frac{\delta w}{ \delta z}\right)=0$