How to decide the boundary condition for free surface?
 

Hi

I know that at the bottom we can use the wall function to determine the BC for turbulent kinetic energy k and dissipation e.
So how about the free surface?
Does the wall function still apply to free surface or we can use something else?

Thank you in advance

at the free surface the velocity vector normal to the free surface is zero and the zero gradient is applied for tangential velocity vector.

Thank you for your explainnation.
I know how to set velocity at the free surface.
I mean, at present i used k-e model to simulate the turbulence.
I want to know how to set k and e at the free surface.

you can use zero gradient for k normal to free surface and some researchers apply a damping factor to it too.
for , Celik and Rodi (1988) suggested at free surface. but Nezu and Nakagawa (1993) mentioned .
h in both equations is water depth.

I have got it
Thank you again

Hi...

I am a bit confused about how to specify boundary condition for the top surface. I have seen many ppl set the surface as symmetry. I am wondering when such boundary condition can be applied and when do we need to use other types of boundary conditions?

Specifically, if we are modeling the flow crossing a weir, what type of boundary condition should I specify for the top surface (both in front and after the weir)...

Thanks!