[gryphaea1635]

I'm trying to simulate a fluidized bed (through modifying the pre-installed twoPhaseEulerFoam tutorial case). I want the gas phase to use the RAS kEpsilon model, and for the particles to have laminar flow. Thus, for my particles turbulence properties I set the simulationType to laminar, and kept the kEpsilon model for the gas turbulence properties. However, when I ran the solver, I got an error message that said:

keyword div((((alpha.particles*thermo:rho.particles)*nuEff.particles)*dev2(T(grad(U.particles))))) is undefined in dictionary "/home/alfred/OpenFOAM/alfred-6/run/fluidisedBedlaminarparticles/system/fvSchemes.divSchemes"

file: /home/alfred/OpenFOAM/alfred-6/run/fluidisedBedlaminarparticles/system/fvSchemes.divSchemes from line 30 to line 44.

    From function const Foam::entry& Foam::dictionary::lookupEntry(const Foam::word&, bool, bool) const
    in file db/dictionary/dictionary.C at line 566.

It looks like I have to change my divSchemes. However, I'm not very experienced with CFD, so I still have to learn about the underlying computational processes and I'm not sure what to modify.


fvSchemes:

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
  =========                 |
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  6
     \\/     M anipulation  |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       dictionary;
    location    "system";
    object      fvSchemes;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

ddtSchemes
{
    default     Euler;
}

gradSchemes
{
    default     Gauss linear;
}

divSchemes
{
    default                         none;

    "div\(phi,alpha.*\)"            Gauss vanLeer;
    "div\(phir,alpha.*\)"           Gauss vanLeer;

    "div\(alphaRhoPhi.*,U.*\)"      Gauss limitedLinearV 1;
    "div\(phi.*,U.*\)"              Gauss limitedLinearV 1;

    "div\(alphaRhoPhi.*,(h|e).*\)"  Gauss limitedLinear 1;
    "div\(alphaRhoPhi.*,K.*\)"      Gauss limitedLinear 1;
    "div\(alphaPhi.*,p\)"           Gauss limitedLinear 1;

    div(alphaRhoPhi.particles,Theta.particles) Gauss limitedLinear 1;

    "div\(alphaRhoPhi.*,(k|epsilon).*\)"  Gauss limitedLinear 1;

    div((((alpha.air*thermo:rho.air)*nuEff.air)*dev2(T(grad(U.air))))) Gauss linear;

    div((((thermo:rho.particles*nut.particles)*dev2(T(grad(U.particles))))+(((thermo:rho.particles*lambda.particles)*div(phi.particles))*I)))  Gauss linear;
}

laplacianSchemes
{
    default     Gauss linear uncorrected;
    bounded     Gauss linear uncorrected;
}

interpolationSchemes
{
    default     linear;
}

snGradSchemes
{
    default     uncorrected;
    bounded     uncorrected;
}

// ************************************************************************* //

turbulenceProperties.air:

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
  =========                 |
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  6
     \\/     M anipulation  |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       dictionary;
    location    "constant";
    object      turbulenceProperties.air;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

simulationType  RAS;

RAS
{
    RASModel kEpsilon;

    turbulence      on;
    printCoeffs     on;
}

LES
{
    LESModel Smagorinsky;

    turbulence      on;
    printCoeffs     on;

    delta cubeRootVol;

    cubeRootVolCoeffs
    {
        deltaCoeff 1;
    }
}


// ************************************************************************* //

turbulenceProperties.particles:

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
  =========                 |
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  6
     \\/     M anipulation  |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       dictionary;
    location    "constant";
    object      turbulenceProperties.particles;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

simulationType  laminar;

RAS
{
    RASModel kineticTheory;

    turbulence      on;
    printCoeffs     on;

    kineticTheoryCoeffs
    {
        equilibrium             off;

        e                       0.8;
        alphaMax                0.62;
        alphaMinFriction        0.5;
        residualAlpha           1e-4;

        viscosityModel          Gidaspow;
        conductivityModel       Gidaspow;
        granularPressureModel   Lun;
        frictionalStressModel   JohnsonJackson;
        radialModel             SinclairJackson;

        JohnsonJacksonCoeffs
        {
            Fr                      0.05;
            eta                     2;
            p                       5;
            phi                     28.5;
            alphaDeltaMin           0.05;
        }
    }

    phasePressureCoeffs
    {
        preAlphaExp     500;
        expMax          1000;
        alphaMax        0.62;
        g0              1000;
    }
}


// ************************************************************************* //

How should I modify my fvSchemes or turbulenceProperties.particles so that I can simulate a fluidized bed with a laminar particle phase?


Thank you!!

[rrronny]

Hi, gryphaea1635! I only read your message now. I have solved this problem by adding the follow line in divSchemes:

div\(\(\(\(alpha.*\*thermo:rho.*\)*nuEff.*\)\*dev2\(T\(grad\(U.*\)\)\)\)\)" Gauss linear;