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Old   August 10, 2015, 14:00
Default solver for evaporation/condensation modeling
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Hi Foamers,
I created solver for evaporation/condensation modeling based on interPhaseChangeFoam. My solver is called interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam
and is a result of information I read from similar threads on cfd online.

Unfortunately solver does not work well. I run my solver on damBreak case and compared with interFoam but results are different. In attachement there are figures for 0.15 s for both solvers.

I implemented Ganapathy model for mass transfer according to

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science...7931013004341#

I think that something is wrong in my MULES implementation.
Here are all the necessary files

http://fluid.itcmp.pwr.wroc.pl/~pblasiak/download.html

Here are the commands to type in terminal to compile my solver and run damBreak test case for OpenFOAM 2.3.0.:

unzip interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam_allfiles.zip
tar xzvf incompressible.tar.gz
tar xzvf interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.tar.gz
tar xzvf damBreak_interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.tar.gz
cp -r incompressible $WM_PROJECT_USER_DIR/src/transportModels/
cp -r interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam $WM_PROJECT_USER_DIR/applications/solvers/multiphase/
cp -r damBreak $FOAM_RUN/tutorials/multiphase/
cd $WM_PROJECT_USER_DIR/src/transportModels/incompressible
wclean
wmake libso
cd $WM_PROJECT_USER_DIR/applications/solvers/multiphase/interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam
./Allwclean
./Allwmake
cd $FOAM_RUN/tutorials/multiphase/interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam/damBreak
./Allrun

As I said the solver is a result of available knowledge on cfd online but
it still does not give correct results. I have also test case for one dimensional Stefan problem and results are close to analitycal but error is too large. If anybody interested I can upload this test case too.

Can anybody help to fix this solver?
Attached Images
File Type: jpg 0.15_interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.jpg (40.6 KB, 320 views)
File Type: jpg 0.15_interFoam.jpg (43.8 KB, 288 views)
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Old   August 12, 2015, 11:15
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Hi
I found that differences between interFoam and interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam on damBreak case stem from bad system katalogue. Here is the correct version of damBreak case

http://fluid.itcmp.pwr.wroc.pl/~pblasiak/download.html

I compared it with interFoam and slight differences still exist but now it is much better. I think that differences are caused by me because I probably badly implemented MULES in interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.

Is there any MULES-expert who can advice how to properly implement this in interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam?

interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam are available in previous post with explanation how to compile it on OF2.3.0
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Old   August 12, 2015, 11:35
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Quote:
Originally Posted by gaza View Post
Hi
I found that differences between interFoam and interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam on damBreak case stem from bad system katalogue. Here is the correct version of damBreak case

http://fluid.itcmp.pwr.wroc.pl/~pblasiak/download.html

I compared it with interFoam and slight differences still exist but now it is much better. I think that differences are caused by me because I probably badly implemented MULES in interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.

Is there any MULES-expert who can advice how to properly implement this in interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam?

interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam are available in previous post with explanation how to compile it on OF2.3.0
Additionally I added Stefan problem test case. In the StefanProblem catalogue there are interfacePosStefProbl_analSol.dat (analytical solution for this case) and ps file (comparison between analytical and interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam results).

However something is for sure wrong because when I changed mesh from 400 to 4000 alpha increases over 1. How to fix it? MULES-expert needed.
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Old   August 14, 2015, 09:52
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Quote:
Originally Posted by gaza View Post
Additionally I added Stefan problem test case. In the StefanProblem catalogue there are interfacePosStefProbl_analSol.dat (analytical solution for this case) and ps file (comparison between analytical and interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam results).

However something is for sure wrong because when I changed mesh from 400 to 4000 alpha increases over 1. How to fix it? MULES-expert needed.
Hi again
I know that Sp is implicit and Su explicit term in Source term for alpha equation:
Source = Sp*alpha1 + Su

I read the source code of MULES and in my case I set up Sp = 0 and Su = div*alpha1 + vDotAlphavpc (similarly as in interPhaseChangeFoam in MULES::explicitSolve)

where vDotAlphavpc = mDot*(1/rho1 - alpha1*(1/rho1 - 1/rho2)
mDot is equal (so far) only evaporation mass flux. So in my opinion MULES is implemented well.

Can anybody verify this?
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Old   August 25, 2015, 07:50
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Hi gaza,

I try to compile it with OF 2.3.1 but seems like header file "#include "twoPhaseMixture.H"" is missing
PHP Code:
SOURCE=singlePhaseTransportModel/singlePhaseTransportModel.;  g++ -m64 -Dlinux64 -DWM_DP -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wold-style-cast -Wnon-virtual-dtor -O3  -DNoRepository -ftemplate-depth-100 -I.. -I../twoPhaseMixture/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/finiteVolume/lnInclude -IlnInclude -I. -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/OpenFOAM/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/OSspecific/POSIX/lnInclude   -fPIC -c $SOURCE -o Make/linux64GccDPOpt/singlePhaseTransportModel.o
SOURCE
=incompressibleTwoPhaseMixture/incompressibleTwoPhaseMixture.;  g++ -m64 -Dlinux64 -DWM_DP -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wold-style-cast -Wnon-virtual-dtor -O3  -DNoRepository -ftemplate-depth-100 -I.. -I../twoPhaseMixture/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/finiteVolume/lnInclude -IlnInclude -I. -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/OpenFOAM/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/OSspecific/POSIX/lnInclude   -fPIC -c $SOURCE -o Make/linux64GccDPOpt/incompressibleTwoPhaseMixture.o
In file included from incompressibleTwoPhaseMixture
/incompressibleTwoPhaseMixture.C:26:0:
incompressibleTwoPhaseMixture/incompressibleTwoPhaseMixture.H:41:29fatal errortwoPhaseMixture.HNo such file or directory
 
#include "twoPhaseMixture.H"
                             
^
compilation terminated.
make: *** [Make/linux64GccDPOpt/incompressibleTwoPhaseMixture.oError 1
[rek209@emps-kahraman incompressible]$ wmake libso
SOURCE
=incompressibleTwoPhaseMixture/incompressibleTwoPhaseMixture.;  g++ -m64 -Dlinux64 -DWM_DP -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wold-style-cast -Wnon-virtual-dtor -O3  -DNoRepository -ftemplate-depth-100 -I.. -I../twoPhaseMixture/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/finiteVolume/lnInclude -IlnInclude -I. -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/OpenFOAM/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/OSspecific/POSIX/lnInclude   -fPIC -c $SOURCE -o Make/linux64GccDPOpt/incompressibleTwoPhaseMixture.o
In file included from incompressibleTwoPhaseMixture
/incompressibleTwoPhaseMixture.C:26:0:
incompressibleTwoPhaseMixture/incompressibleTwoPhaseMixture.H:41:29fatal errortwoPhaseMixture.HNo such file or directory
 
#include "twoPhaseMixture.H"
                             
^
compilation terminated.
make: *** [Make/linux64GccDPOpt/incompressibleTwoPhaseMixture.oError 1 
What do you think?
thanks!

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Old   August 25, 2015, 08:27
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Hi Kanarya,
please do this:

1) download interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam from
http://fluid.itcmp.pwr.wroc.pl/~pblasiak/download.html
for example to Desktop

2) unzip interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam_allfiles.zip
3) cd interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam_allfiles
4) tar xzvf incompressible.tar.gz
5) tar xzvf interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.tar.gz
6) tar xzvf damBreak_interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.tar.gz
7) cp -r $WM_PROJECT_DIR/src $WM_PROJECT_USER_DIR/
8) cp -r incompressible $WM_PROJECT_USER_DIR/src/transportModels/
9) cp -r $WM_PROJECT_DIR/applications $WM_PROJECT_USER_DIR/
10) cp -r interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam $WM_PROJECT_USER_DIR/applications/solvers/multiphase/
11) mkdir $WM_PROJECT_USER_DIR/run
12) cp -r $WM_PROJECT_DIR/tutorials $WM_PROJECT_USER_DIR/run
13) mkdir $FOAM_RUN/tutorials/multiphase/interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam
14) cp -r damBreak $FOAM_RUN/tutorials/multiphase/interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam
15) cd $WM_PROJECT_USER_DIR/src/transportModels/incompressible
16) wclean
17) wmake libso
18) cd $WM_PROJECT_USER_DIR/applications/solvers/multiphase/interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam
19) ./Allwclean
20) ./Allwmake
21) cd $FOAM_RUN/tutorials/multiphase/interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam/damBreak
22) ./Allrun

please compare results damBreak case with interFoam damBreak case. They are very similar but
not the same. Why? I do not know. You can also try Stefan problem test case. In the StefanProblem catalogue there are interfacePosStefProbl_analSol.dat (analytical solution for this case) and ps file (comparison between analytical and interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam results).

However something is for sure wrong because when I changed mesh from 400 to 4000 alpha increases over 1. What is wrong with the solver? I implemented everything according to Ganapathy article
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science...7931013004341#


I hope this help you to compile the solver. Please let me know if you succeeded.
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Old   August 25, 2015, 11:49
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Hi,

I manage to complie it with OF 2.3.1 but it gives the error:
HTML Code:
Making dependency list for source file interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.C
SOURCE=interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.C ;  g++ -m64 -Dlinux64 -DWM_DP -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wold-style-cast -Wnon-virtual-dtor -O3  -DNoRepository -ftemplate-depth-100 -ggdb3 -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/transportModels/twoPhaseMixture/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/transportModels -I/home/links/rek209/OpenFOAM/rek209-2.3.1/src/transportModels/incompressible/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/transportModels/interfaceProperties/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/turbulenceModels/incompressible/turbulenceModel -IphaseChangeTwoPhaseMixtures/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/finiteVolume/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/meshTools/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/fvOptions/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/sampling/lnInclude -IlnInclude -I. -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/OpenFOAM/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/OSspecific/POSIX/lnInclude   -fPIC -c $SOURCE -o Make/linux64GccDPOpt/interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.o
interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.C: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’:
interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.C:90:39: error: ‘alphaOuterCorrectors’ was not declared in this scope
             if (pimple.firstIter() || alphaOuterCorrectors)
                                       ^
In file included from interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.C:85:0:
/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/finiteVolume/lnInclude/alphaControls.H:12:6: warning: unused variable ‘alphaApplyPrevCorr’ [-Wunused-variable]
 bool alphaApplyPrevCorr
      ^
/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/finiteVolume/lnInclude/alphaControls.H:18:8: warning: unused variable ‘icAlpha’ [-Wunused-variable]
 scalar icAlpha
        ^
In file included from interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.C:59:0:
/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/finiteVolume/lnInclude/readTimeControls.H:38:8: warning: unused variable ‘maxDeltaT’ [-Wunused-variable]
 scalar maxDeltaT =
        ^
make: *** [Make/linux64GccDPOpt/interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.o] Error 1
Do you have any idea?
did you try to compile it in OF 2.3.1?
thanks in advance!

Best!
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Old   August 25, 2015, 12:49
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Kanarya View Post
Hi,

I manage to complie it with OF 2.3.1 but it gives the error:
HTML Code:
Making dependency list for source file interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.CSOURCE=interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.C ;  g++ -m64 -Dlinux64 -DWM_DP -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wold-style-cast -Wnon-virtual-dtor -O3  -DNoRepository -ftemplate-depth-100 -ggdb3 -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/transportModels/twoPhaseMixture/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/transportModels -I/home/links/rek209/OpenFOAM/rek209-2.3.1/src/transportModels/incompressible/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/transportModels/interfaceProperties/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/turbulenceModels/incompressible/turbulenceModel -IphaseChangeTwoPhaseMixtures/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/finiteVolume/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/meshTools/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/fvOptions/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/sampling/lnInclude -IlnInclude -I. -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/OpenFOAM/lnInclude -I/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/OSspecific/POSIX/lnInclude   -fPIC -c $SOURCE -o Make/linux64GccDPOpt/interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.ointerEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.C: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’:interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.C:90:39: error: ‘alphaOuterCorrectors’ was not declared in this scope             if (pimple.firstIter() || alphaOuterCorrectors)                                       ^In file included from interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.C:85:0:/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/finiteVolume/lnInclude/alphaControls.H:12:6: warning: unused variable ‘alphaApplyPrevCorr’ [-Wunused-variable] bool alphaApplyPrevCorr      ^/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/finiteVolume/lnInclude/alphaControls.H:18:8: warning: unused variable ‘icAlpha’ [-Wunused-variable] scalar icAlpha        ^In file included from interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.C:59:0:/usr/local/OpenFOAM//OpenFOAM-2.3.1/src/finiteVolume/lnInclude/readTimeControls.H:38:8: warning: unused variable ‘maxDeltaT’ [-Wunused-variable] scalar maxDeltaT =        ^make: *** [Make/linux64GccDPOpt/interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam.o] Error 1
Do you have any idea?
did you try to compile it in OF 2.3.1?
thanks in advance!

Best!
Kanarya
Hi
Error is because alphaOuterCorrectors was not declared.
In OF2.3.1 alphaOuterCorrectors was removed so you should delete this variable from files where it is used. Probably it helps. Here is explanation:

https://github.com/phicau/IHFOAM/issues/3
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Old   August 26, 2015, 04:30
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Hi Kanarya,
Did you manage to compile interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam?
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Old   August 27, 2015, 07:04
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Hi gaza,

did not understand the source term
Code:
vDotvpcAlphal
, so you use it instead of
Code:
fvm::Sp(vDotvmcAlphal, alpha1) + vDotcAlphal
why?
I am trying to understand the code now, Could you tell me what did you change?I saw that you change the TEqn and why did not you use enthalpy instead of T?
it seems like condensation doesn't work at all mCond is always Zero!
do have any idea?
Thanks n advance!
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Old   August 27, 2015, 08:03
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Hi Kanarya,

For now mCond is set up always set to zero. In future it will be changed but firstly I want to get accurate
results for evaporation Stefan problem (test case in files which I uploaded in previous posts).

I don't use the enthalpy because using T seems to be easier (for me). I just do not need this because the interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam solver is based on incompressible interPhaseChangeFoam.

vDotvpcAlphal = (mVap + mCond)*(1/rho1 + alpha1*(1/rho1 - 1/rho2)) // source term in alpha eqn.

this term you can see in eqn. 2.26 in Jibran Heider thesis
http://www.cimne.com/cvdata/cntr2/sp...branHaider.pdf

It appears when you are solving alpha equation with source term on right hand side (after some algebra). In Ganapathy model

m = mVap + mCond = kappaEff*(gradT.gradAlpha)/hEvap

so m is not multiplied by alpha1 and I couldn't use fvm::Sp(vDotvpcAlphal, alpha1) because it would
multiply vDotvpcAlphal by alpha1 (in case for Ganapathy model; for egzample for Lee model alpha1 exists in m and fvm::Sp can be used for this model).

Summing up I am solving source term in alpha eqn. explicitly. Did you compile interEvapCondPhaseChangeFoam? Did you try Stefan problem? There is also analytical solution
so you can observe the results are slightly different from analytical. Also if you change mesh from 400 to 4000 cells alpha is unbounded and I do not know why?
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Old   August 27, 2015, 08:13
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I think, if you want to have proper evaporation you need to have heat transfer between phases. It should happen in the in the interphase where liquid becoming gas...somehow you should force it...
I did not see any interphase heat transfer model in Ganapathy model?may be I am wrong? And I think you shuld couple the Psat with T? I did not see where you set the mCond to zero?
I think, the solver is not completed but good progress!
thanks!
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Old   August 27, 2015, 08:48
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Kanarya View Post
I think, if you want to have proper evaporation you need to have heat transfer between phases. It should happen in the in the interphase where liquid becoming gas...somehow you should force it...
I did not see any interphase heat transfer model in Ganapathy model?may be I am wrong? And I think you shuld couple the Psat with T? I did not see where you set the mCond to zero?
I think, the solver is not completed but good progress!
thanks!
Ganapathy phase change model is implemented in mDot() function.
As you can see mDotc (mCond) is initialized to zero and nothing else so it stays equal to zero.

In Ganapathy model phase change mass flux exists at interface because of gradAlpha term which is non zero only at interface.
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Old   August 27, 2015, 09:02
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what about heat transfer between phases?
how you can get evaporation without heat transfer?Am I missing something?
sorry but I could not find initialisation of the mCond...is it in Ganapathy.C file?
thanks
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Old   August 27, 2015, 09:12
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Kanarya View Post
what about heat transfer between phases?
how you can get evaporation without heat transfer?Am I missing something?
sorry but I could not find initialisation of the mCond...is it in Ganapathy.C file?
thanks
1) yes initialization is in Ganapathy.C:

97 Foam::Pair<Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField> >
98 Foam:haseChangeTwoPhaseMixtures::Ganapathy::mDot () const
99 {
100 volScalarField mDotc
101 (
102 IOobject
103 (
104 "mDotc",
105 U_.time().timeName(),
106 U_.db(),
107 IOobject::NO_READ,
108 IOobject::NO_WRITE
109 ),
110 U_.mesh(),
111 dimensionedScalar("mDotc", dimensionSet(1, -3, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0), 0) // set to zero mDotc = mCond
112 );

2) there is heat transfer between phases modelled with Ganapathy model.
See the Ganapathy article and equations.
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Old   August 27, 2015, 09:23
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yes I saw the initialisation for mDotc and vDotv but I did not see calculation of mDotv:
Code:
mDotv = kappaEff*(fvc::grad(T) & gradAlpha)/hEvap_;
and you just ignore the equation for mDotc...clear now...thanks...
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Old   August 30, 2015, 16:09
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Hi Foamers,
Who can explain these lines of code from alphaEqn.H file from interPhaseChangeFoam solver:
70 MULES::correct
71 (
72 geometricOneField(),
73 alpha1,
74 tphiAlpha(),
75 tphiAlphaCorr(),
76 vDotvmcAlphal,
77 (
78 divU*(alpha10 - alpha100)
79 - vDotvmcAlphal*alpha10
80 )(),
81 1,
82 0
83 );

I do not understand 78 and 79. Why Su term is defined as
divU*(alpha10 - alpha100) - vDotvmcAlphal*alpha10

??
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Old   September 17, 2015, 08:02
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Quote:
Originally Posted by gaza View Post
Hi Foamers,
Who can explain these lines of code from alphaEqn.H file from interPhaseChangeFoam solver:
70 MULES::correct
71 (
72 geometricOneField(),
73 alpha1,
74 tphiAlpha(),
75 tphiAlphaCorr(),
76 vDotvmcAlphal,
77 (
78 divU*(alpha10 - alpha100)
79 - vDotvmcAlphal*alpha10
80 )(),
81 1,
82 0
83 );

I do not understand 78 and 79. Why Su term is defined as
divU*(alpha10 - alpha100) - vDotvmcAlphal*alpha10

??
Hi,

I think, the alpha100 and alpha10 are global and local values which is needed for MULES...I might be wrong...did you find the answer?
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Old   September 17, 2015, 13:48
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Hi Kanarya
No I didn't find how to properly set up MULES for evaporation case, ie. for alpha equation with source term on the RHS. I think it generates some errors and it is why numerical solution is a bit different from analytical. I see that only Henry Weller knows the answer.
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Old   October 5, 2015, 07:04
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hi,

do you have any idea what kind of source term, do you need in alpha equation?
do you have any progress?
thanks!
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