Is there a VOF (CST) foam code for phase change into the air media?

Asghari_M · June 1, 2018, 15:19

Hi all FOAMers.

I'm looking for an OPENFOAM source code for the investigation of phase change (condensation or evaporation of the water films or droplets) into the air media . I heard somethings about interThermalPhaseChangeFoam framework. But, unfortunately, it couldn't be coupled with species transport models. Is it correct? Are there other foam codes for these studies ?

I studied some papers for this purpose. I found Welch and Wilson paper as the best research for this objective:

A Volume of Fluid Based Method for Fluid Flows with Phase Change

The reason for this my opinion is ,the fact that, they, unlike a lot of researches , had captured interface velocity & pressure discontinuities in their investigations as follows:

The normal velocity interface jump conditions for gas & liquid phases:

$u_{g,n}-u_{l,n}=\dot{m\ \ \ }(\frac{1}{{\rho{}}_g}-\frac{1}{{\rho{}}_l})\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (eq.1)$

The pressure interface jump conditions:

$\left[[-\rho{}\textbf{U}\textbf{U}-p\textbf{n}+\mu{}(\nabla{}\textbf{U}+\nabla{}\textbf{U}^T)\right]]=\ \sigma{}\kappa{}\textbf{n}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (eq.2)$

The heat transfer arising from mass transfer at the interface:

$\dot{q}={\left.k\frac{\partial{}T}{\partial{}n}\right]}_g-{\left.k\frac{\partial{}T}{\partial{}n}\right]}_l \ \ \ \ (eq.3)$

The mass transfer relation at the interface (in some references):

$\dot{m}=\ -\frac{K}{L}\frac{\partial{}T}{\partial{}n}\ \ \ \ \$

Or based on some other references:

$or\ \ \ \ \ \ \dot{m}=\ \frac{D_v{\rho{}}_g}{1-Y_v}\frac{\partial{}Y_v}{\partial{}n}\ \ \ \ \$

$\ \ \ \ \ \ or\ even \ in \ some\ resources\ \ \ \ \ \ \dot{m}=\ \frac{D_v{\rho{}}_g}{1-Y_v}\frac{\partial{}Y_v}{\partial{}n}-\frac{K}{L}\frac{\partial{}T}{\partial{}n}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (eq.4)$

Assuming saturation state at the interface, Mass fraction of vapor at interface is given by

$Y_{v,sat}=\frac{P_{v,sat}}{P}*\frac{M_v}{M_{gp,sat}}$

in which,

$M_{gp,sat}\ \ \ is\ Molecular\ weight\ gasous\ phase\ and\ given\ by$

$M_{gp,sat}=\frac{P_{v,sat}*M_v+{(P-P}_{v,sat})*M_g}{P}$

$\ and \ P_{v,sat}\ \ \ is\ evaluated\ as\ following\ \ relation \ :$

$P_{v,sat}=\frac{P_c{*T}_c}{T}*$

$\left[a*{\left(1-\frac{T}{T_c}\right)}^{1.5}+b*{\left(1-\frac{T}{T_c}\right)}^3+c*{\left(1-\frac{T}{T_c}\right)}^3+d*{\left(1-\frac{T}{T_c}\right)}^6\right]\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \$

$\ \ \ \left(eq.5\right)\ in\ which,P_c\ \ \ and\ T_c\ are\ critical\ presure\ \&\ temperature,\ respectively.$

Unfortunately, a lot of research have not investigated these considerations.

Also, I need an extensive VOF model to cover species transport equation since the water phase change occurs in an air-based media in my case.

Unfortunately, I found a little papers in this case. Does anyone access to such a phase change VOF-based comprehensive study with the consideration of species transport phenomenon?

Also, there is a fairly good method suitable for sharp interfaces so called Continuous Species Transfer (CST) model considered species transport phenomenon. However, unfortunately, I didn't find this method in any paper coupled with energy equation .

Has someone observed the coupling of CST method with energy equation in the CFD documents?

Moreover, as I indicated at above mentioned expressions, there is not a unique relation for mass transfer and I'm confused. Is there anyone to help me in finding a fairly suitable and true expression for the interface mass transfer?

I would be highly appreciated if anyone help me.

Also many thanks in advance for providing me with OPENFOAM code (or at least OPENFOAM code name) considering above descriptions in the interface either via this panel or directly via my email address (mehdiasgh@gmail.com).

Thanks a lot for any help.

M.Asghari

Pmaroul · June 4, 2018, 05:14

Hi Asghari_M

I have a similar phase change task with you , too.

I have to do two additional tasks as follows:

1-Since, gas phase temperature varies, I have to implement a compressible version of VOF. Unfortunately, I heard VOF foam codes are applicable only for incompressible immiscible flows. Is it correct?

2-Thermo-physical properties such as density and specific heat are considered temperature dependent . Unfortunately, I heard VOF foam codes don’t take the effect of temperature on the properties. Do you have such a similar problem?

I'l be glad if you can share your idea with me in the encountering with these challenges.

All the best.

P. Maroul

Asghari_M · June 7, 2018, 04:11

Quote:

Originally Posted by Pmaroul

Hi Asghari_M

I have a similar phase change task with you , too.

I have to do two additional tasks as follows:

1-Since, gas phase temperature varies, I have to implement a compressible version of VOF. Unfortunately, I heard VOF foam codes are applicable only for incompressible immiscible flows. Is it correct?

2-Thermo-physical properties such as density and specific heat are considered temperature dependent . Unfortunately, I heard VOF foam codes don’t take the effect of temperature on the properties. Do you have such a similar problem?

I'l be glad if you can share your idea with me in the encountering with these challenges.

All the best.

P. Maroul

Dear Maroul

Exactly, I have same problems you may have been faced.

I have not seen much stuff about it.

Nevertheless, if you search within forums, you'll find a foam code called "compressibleMixingPhaseChangeFoam".
Maybe it could help you to find new ways.

Best wishes.

M.Asghari

Pmaroul · June 8, 2018, 09:58

Dear Asghari_M

Thanks for your kind reply and attention.

It will probably be so good for my application. I'll try that.

BW.

P.Maroul

tonnykz · February 17, 2021, 10:41

Quote:

Originally Posted by Asghari_M

Hi all FOAMers.

I'm looking for an OPENFOAM source code for the investigation of phase change (condensation or evaporation of the water films or droplets) into the air media . I heard somethings about interThermalPhaseChangeFoam framework. But, unfortunately, it couldn't be coupled with species transport models. Is it correct? Are there other foam codes for these studies ?

I studied some papers for this purpose. I found Welch and Wilson paper as the best research for this objective:

A Volume of Fluid Based Method for Fluid Flows with Phase Change

The reason for this my opinion is ,the fact that, they, unlike a lot of researches , had captured interface velocity & pressure discontinuities in their investigations as follows:

The normal velocity interface jump conditions for gas & liquid phases:

$u_{g,n}-u_{l,n}=\dot{m\ \ \ }(\frac{1}{{\rho{}}_g}-\frac{1}{{\rho{}}_l})\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (eq.1)$

The pressure interface jump conditions:

$\left[[-\rho{}\textbf{U}\textbf{U}-p\textbf{n}+\mu{}(\nabla{}\textbf{U}+\nabla{}\textbf{U}^T)\right]]=\ \sigma{}\kappa{}\textbf{n}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (eq.2)$

The heat transfer arising from mass transfer at the interface:

$\dot{q}={\left.k\frac{\partial{}T}{\partial{}n}\right]}_g-{\left.k\frac{\partial{}T}{\partial{}n}\right]}_l \ \ \ \ (eq.3)$

The mass transfer relation at the interface (in some references):

$\dot{m}=\ -\frac{K}{L}\frac{\partial{}T}{\partial{}n}\ \ \ \ \$

Or based on some other references:

$or\ \ \ \ \ \ \dot{m}=\ \frac{D_v{\rho{}}_g}{1-Y_v}\frac{\partial{}Y_v}{\partial{}n}\ \ \ \ \$

$\ \ \ \ \ \ or\ even \ in \ some\ resources\ \ \ \ \ \ \dot{m}=\ \frac{D_v{\rho{}}_g}{1-Y_v}\frac{\partial{}Y_v}{\partial{}n}-\frac{K}{L}\frac{\partial{}T}{\partial{}n}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (eq.4)$

Assuming saturation state at the interface, Mass fraction of vapor at interface is given by

$Y_{v,sat}=\frac{P_{v,sat}}{P}*\frac{M_v}{M_{gp,sat}}$

in which,

$M_{gp,sat}\ \ \ is\ Molecular\ weight\ gasous\ phase\ and\ given\ by$

$M_{gp,sat}=\frac{P_{v,sat}*M_v+{(P-P}_{v,sat})*M_g}{P}$

$\ and \ P_{v,sat}\ \ \ is\ evaluated\ as\ following\ \ relation \ :$

$P_{v,sat}=\frac{P_c{*T}_c}{T}*$

$\left[a*{\left(1-\frac{T}{T_c}\right)}^{1.5}+b*{\left(1-\frac{T}{T_c}\right)}^3+c*{\left(1-\frac{T}{T_c}\right)}^3+d*{\left(1-\frac{T}{T_c}\right)}^6\right]\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \$

$\ \ \ \left(eq.5\right)\ in\ which,P_c\ \ \ and\ T_c\ are\ critical\ presure\ \&\ temperature,\ respectively.$

Unfortunately, a lot of research have not investigated these considerations.

Also, I need an extensive VOF model to cover species transport equation since the water phase change occurs in an air-based media in my case.

Unfortunately, I found a little papers in this case. Does anyone access to such a phase change VOF-based comprehensive study with the consideration of species transport phenomenon?

Also, there is a fairly good method suitable for sharp interfaces so called Continuous Species Transfer (CST) model considered species transport phenomenon. However, unfortunately, I didn't find this method in any paper coupled with energy equation .

Has someone observed the coupling of CST method with energy equation in the CFD documents?

Moreover, as I indicated at above mentioned expressions, there is not a unique relation for mass transfer and I'm confused. Is there anyone to help me in finding a fairly suitable and true expression for the interface mass transfer?

I would be highly appreciated if anyone help me.

Also many thanks in advance for providing me with OPENFOAM code (or at least OPENFOAM code name) considering above descriptions in the interface either via this panel or directly via my email address (mehdiasgh@gmail.com).

Thanks a lot for any help.

M.Asghari

Hi Asghari!
A lot of time has passed since your message. I am curious whether you found anything relatable to this problem?
Best tonnykz

June 1, 2018, 15:19	Is there a VOF (CST) foam code for phase change into the air media?	#1
Asghari_M Senior Member Mehdi Asghari Join Date: Feb 2010 Posts: 127 Rep Power: 16	Hi all FOAMers. I'm looking for an OPENFOAM source code for the investigation of phase change (condensation or evaporation of the water films or droplets) into the air media . I heard somethings about interThermalPhaseChangeFoam framework. But, unfortunately, it couldn't be coupled with species transport models. Is it correct? Are there other foam codes for these studies ? I studied some papers for this purpose. I found Welch and Wilson paper as the best research for this objective: A Volume of Fluid Based Method for Fluid Flows with Phase Change The reason for this my opinion is ,the fact that, they, unlike a lot of researches , had captured interface velocity & pressure discontinuities in their investigations as follows: The normal velocity interface jump conditions for gas & liquid phases: $u_{g,n}-u_{l,n}=\dot{m\ \ \ }(\frac{1}{{\rho{}}_g}-\frac{1}{{\rho{}}_l})\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (eq.1)$ The pressure interface jump conditions: $\left[[-\rho{}\textbf{U}\textbf{U}-p\textbf{n}+\mu{}(\nabla{}\textbf{U}+\nabla{}\textbf{U}^T)\right]]=\ \sigma{}\kappa{}\textbf{n}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (eq.2)$ The heat transfer arising from mass transfer at the interface: $\dot{q}={\left.k\frac{\partial{}T}{\partial{}n}\right]}_g-{\left.k\frac{\partial{}T}{\partial{}n}\right]}_l \ \ \ \ (eq.3)$ The mass transfer relation at the interface (in some references): $\dot{m}=\ -\frac{K}{L}\frac{\partial{}T}{\partial{}n}\ \ \ \ \$ Or based on some other references: $or\ \ \ \ \ \ \dot{m}=\ \frac{D_v{\rho{}}_g}{1-Y_v}\frac{\partial{}Y_v}{\partial{}n}\ \ \ \ \$ $\ \ \ \ \ \ or\ even \ in \ some\ resources\ \ \ \ \ \ \dot{m}=\ \frac{D_v{\rho{}}_g}{1-Y_v}\frac{\partial{}Y_v}{\partial{}n}-\frac{K}{L}\frac{\partial{}T}{\partial{}n}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (eq.4)$ Assuming saturation state at the interface, Mass fraction of vapor at interface is given by $Y_{v,sat}=\frac{P_{v,sat}}{P}\frac{M_v}{M_{gp,sat}}$ in which, $M_{gp,sat}\ \ \ is\ Molecular\ weight\ gasous\ phase\ and\ given\ by$ $M_{gp,sat}=\frac{P_{v,sat}M_v+{(P-P}_{v,sat})M_g}{P}$ $\ and \ P_{v,sat}\ \ \ is\ evaluated\ as\ following\ \ relation \ :$ $P_{v,sat}=\frac{P_c{T}_c}{T}$ $\left[a{\left(1-\frac{T}{T_c}\right)}^{1.5}+b{\left(1-\frac{T}{T_c}\right)}^3+c{\left(1-\frac{T}{T_c}\right)}^3+d{\left(1-\frac{T}{T_c}\right)}^6\right]\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \$ $\ \ \ \left(eq.5\right)\ in\ which,P_c\ \ \ and\ T_c\ are\ critical\ presure\ \&\ temperature,\ respectively.$ Unfortunately, a lot of research have not investigated these considerations. Also, I need an extensive VOF* model to cover species transport equation since the water phase change occurs in an air-based media in my case. Unfortunately, I found a little papers in this case. Does anyone access to such a phase change VOF-based comprehensive study with the consideration of species transport phenomenon? Also, there is a fairly good method suitable for sharp interfaces so called Continuous Species Transfer (CST) model considered species transport phenomenon. However, unfortunately, I didn't find this method in any paper coupled with energy equation . Has someone observed the coupling of CST method with energy equation in the CFD documents? Moreover, as I indicated at above mentioned expressions, there is not a unique relation for mass transfer and I'm confused. Is there anyone to help me in finding a fairly suitable and true expression for the interface mass transfer? I would be highly appreciated if anyone help me. Also many thanks in advance for providing me with OPENFOAM code (or at least OPENFOAM code name) considering above descriptions in the interface either via this panel or directly via my email address (mehdiasgh@gmail.com). Thanks a lot for any help. M.Asghari tonnykz likes this. Last edited by Asghari_M; June 2, 2018 at 14:41.

June 4, 2018, 05:14	Compressibility &temperature dependent properties & phase change VOF FOAM codes	#2
Pmaroul Member Peter Maroul Join Date: May 2018 Posts: 52 Rep Power: 7	Hi Asghari_M I have a similar phase change task with you , too. I have to do two additional tasks as follows: 1-Since, gas phase temperature varies, I have to implement a compressible version of VOF. Unfortunately, I heard VOF foam codes are applicable only for incompressible immiscible flows. Is it correct? 2-Thermo-physical properties such as density and specific heat are considered temperature dependent . Unfortunately, I heard VOF foam codes don’t take the effect of temperature on the properties. Do you have such a similar problem? I'l be glad if you can share your idea with me in the encountering with these challenges. All the best. P. Maroul

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June 8, 2018, 09:58		#4
Pmaroul Member Peter Maroul Join Date: May 2018 Posts: 52 Rep Power: 7	Dear Asghari_M Thanks for your kind reply and attention. It will probably be so good for my application. I'll try that. BW. P.Maroul