[Isaiah_HZ]

Hello FOAMers,

Recently I have encountered a problem, that is, when I use turbulent velocity inlet to simulate flow past cylinder, I got very weird flow and even negative drag coefficient. When I used laminar velocity inlet, I can get drag coefficient around 1.2, but when I used turbulentInlet boundary condition, I got big problem.

Can anyone help me on this problem, or any comments or suggestions about turbulent velocity inlet setup? Thank you, very much!!

drag coefficients are following, those are part of coefficients and I have run case to 60+ seconds, the results are same.

Force coefficients
# liftDir : (0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 1.000000e+00)
# dragDir : (1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00)
# pitchAxis : (0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 1.000000e+00)
# magUInf : 1.000000e+00
# lRef : 1.000000e+00
# Aref : 1.000000e+00
# CofR : (0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00)
# Time Cm Cd Cl Cl(f) Cl(r)
0.05 -3.637109e-04 -9.393916e+00 -1.913834e-16 -3.637109e-04 3.637109e-04
0.1 -1.069031e-03 2.375448e+01 3.022741e-17 -1.069031e-03 1.069031e-03
0.15 -8.246212e-04 2.057010e+01 4.173255e-17 -8.246212e-04 8.246212e-04
0.2 3.506248e-04 1.181656e+01 -2.843983e-17 3.506248e-04 -3.506248e-04
0.25 -1.027511e-03 5.672581e+01 2.885990e-16 -1.027511e-03 1.027511e-03
0.3 -7.074825e-04 -2.189804e+01 -2.490386e-16 -7.074825e-04 7.074825e-04
0.35 1.543098e-04 -5.380912e+00 -8.722727e-17 1.543098e-04 -1.543098e-04
0.4 -8.585386e-04 -2.449880e+01 -3.211157e-16 -8.585386e-04 8.585386e-04
0.45 -1.749605e-03 -5.990513e+01 -5.966330e-16 -1.749605e-03 1.749605e-03
0.5 -5.186319e-05 1.595486e+01 4.767925e-17 -5.186319e-05 5.186319e-05
0.55 1.543635e-04 -3.588935e+01 -3.930577e-16 1.543635e-04 -1.543635e-04
0.6 -7.612249e-04 2.186014e+01 3.930336e-17 -7.612249e-04 7.612249e-04
0.65 3.313410e-04 4.639652e+01 2.889795e-16 3.313410e-04 -3.313410e-04
0.7 2.892349e-04 2.621798e+01 1.689769e-16 2.892349e-04 -2.892349e-04
0.75 9.735677e-04 -1.517326e+00 -1.294361e-16 9.735677e-04 -9.735677e-04
0.8 -2.238232e-04 -3.281918e+00 -1.674658e-16 -2.238232e-04 2.238232e-04
0.85 2.134998e-03 3.552458e+01 1.390528e-16 2.134998e-03 -2.134998e-03
0.9 1.684388e-03 5.884333e+00 -8.721815e-17 1.684388e-03 -1.684388e-03
0.95 -7.424199e-04 4.539278e+01 2.427875e-16 -7.424199e-04 7.424199e-04
1 -1.481543e-03 -2.255855e+01 -2.944276e-16 -1.481543e-03 1.481543e-03
1.05 -1.582587e-03 -2.505637e+01 -3.293464e-16 -1.582587e-03 1.582587e-03
1.1 -8.179162e-04 2.253506e+01 6.726714e-17 -8.179162e-04 8.179162e-04
1.15 -1.319489e-03 3.004999e+01 1.292810e-16 -1.319489e-03 1.319489e-03
1.2 -1.192611e-03 -2.039599e+01 -2.585416e-16 -1.192611e-03 1.192611e-03
1.25 -1.379565e-03 -1.013076e+01 -1.370142e-16 -1.379565e-03 1.379565e-03
1.3 6.314464e-04 1.041990e+01 -4.245293e-17 6.314464e-04 -6.314464e-04
1.35 -7.855393e-04 7.819462e+01 5.326010e-16 -7.855393e-04 7.855393e-04
1.4 -2.026940e-03 3.335260e+01 1.830789e-16 -2.026940e-03 2.026940e-03
1.45 -5.432268e-03 1.905791e+01 6.719342e-17 -5.432268e-03 5.432268e-03
1.5 -4.095904e-03 -3.961749e+01 -4.103964e-16 -4.095904e-03 4.095904e-03
1.55 -1.168909e-04 4.603047e+00 -5.514416e-17 -1.168909e-04 1.168909e-04
1.6 5.805177e-03 3.819683e+01 2.081643e-16 5.805177e-03 -5.805177e-03
1.65 6.791586e-03 -4.846155e+01 -4.837928e-16 6.791586e-03 -6.791586e-03
1.7 8.073238e-03 -6.908144e+00 -1.649426e-16 8.073238e-03 -8.073238e-03

The following is my code

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration | Website: https://openfoam.org
\\ / A nd | Version: 7
\\/ M anipulation |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volVectorField;
object U;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

dimensions [0 1 -1 0 0 0 0];


internalField uniform (1 0 0);

boundaryField
{
inlet
{
type turbulentInlet;
referenceField uniform (1 0 0);
fluctuationScale (0.01 0.01 0);
}

outlet
{
type zeroGradient;
}

topwall
{
type symmetryPlane;
}

bottomwall
{
type symmetryPlane;
}

cylinder
{
type fixedValue;
value uniform (0 0 0);
}

front
{
type empty;
}

back
{
type empty;
}

}


// ************************************************** *********************** //

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration | Website: https://openfoam.org
\\ / A nd | Version: 7
\\/ M anipulation |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volScalarField;
object p;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

dimensions [0 2 -2 0 0 0 0];

internalField uniform 0;

boundaryField
{
inlet
{
type zeroGradient;
}

outlet
{
type fixedValue;
value uniform 0;
}

topwall
{
type symmetryPlane;
}

bottomwall
{
type symmetryPlane;
}

cylinder
{
type zeroGradient;
}
front
{
type empty;
}

back
{
type empty;
}
}

// ************************************************** *********************** //

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration | Website: https://openfoam.org
\\ / A nd | Version: 7
\\/ M anipulation |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volScalarField;
object nuTilda;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

dimensions [0 2 -1 0 0 0 0];

internalField uniform 0;

boundaryField
{
inlet
{
type fixedValue;
value uniform 0;
}

outlet
{
type zeroGradient;
}

topwall
{
type symmetryPlane;;
}
bottomwall
{
type symmetryPlane;;
}

cylinder
{
type fixedValue;
value uniform 0;
}

front
{
type empty;
}

back
{
type empty;
}
}

// ************************************************** *********************** //

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration | Website: https://openfoam.org
\\ / A nd | Version: 7
\\/ M anipulation |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volScalarField;
location "0";
object nut;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

dimensions [0 2 -1 0 0 0 0];

internalField uniform 0;

boundaryField
{
inlet
{
type calculated;
value uniform 0;
}
outlet
{
type calculated;
value uniform 0;
}
topwall
{
type symmetryPlane;
value uniform 0;
}
bottomwall
{
type symmetryPlane;
value uniform 0;
}
cylinder
{
type calculated;
value uniform 0;
}
front
{
type empty;
}

back
{
type empty;
}
}


// ************************************************** *********************** //

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration | Website: https://openfoam.org
\\ / A nd | Version: 7
\\/ M anipulation |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volScalarField;
location "0";
object k;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
// k = 3/2*(Uref * I)^2 = 0.002159
// I = 0.16*Re^(-1/8)= 0.03794
dimensions [0 2 -2 0 0 0 0];

internalField uniform 0.002159;

boundaryField
{
inlet
{
type fixedValue;
value uniform 0.002159;
}
outlet
{
type zeroGradient;
}
topwall
{
type symmetryPlane;
}
bottomwall
{
type symmetryPlane;
}
cylinder
{
type fixedValue;
value uniform 0.0;
}
front
{
type empty;
}

back
{
type empty;
}
}


// ************************************************** *********************** //

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration | Website: https://openfoam.org
\\ / A nd | Version: 7
\\/ M anipulation |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class dictionary;
location "constant";
object transportProperties;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

transportModel Newtonian;

nu [0 2 -1 0 0 0 0] 1e-05;

// ************************************************** *********************** //

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration | Website: https://openfoam.org
\\ / A nd | Version: 7
\\/ M anipulation |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class dictionary;
location "constant";
object turbulenceProperties;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
simulationType LES;

LES
{
LESModel Smagorinsky;

turbulence on;

printCoeffs on;

delta cubeRootVol;

dynamicKEqnCoeffs
{
filter simple;
}

cubeRootVolCoeffs
{
deltaCoeff 1;
}

PrandtlCoeffs
{
delta cubeRootVol;
cubeRootVolCoeffs
{
deltaCoeff 1;
}

smoothCoeffs
{
delta cubeRootVol;
cubeRootVolCoeffs
{
deltaCoeff 1;
}

maxDeltaRatio 1.1;
}

Cdelta 0.158;
}

vanDriestCoeffs
{
delta cubeRootVol;
cubeRootVolCoeffs
{
deltaCoeff 1;
}

smoothCoeffs
{
delta cubeRootVol;
cubeRootVolCoeffs
{
deltaCoeff 1;
}

maxDeltaRatio 1.1;
}

Aplus 26;
Cdelta 0.158;
}

smoothCoeffs
{
delta cubeRootVol;
cubeRootVolCoeffs
{
deltaCoeff 1;
}

maxDeltaRatio 1.1;
}
}
// ************************************************** *********************** //

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration | Website: https://openfoam.org
\\ / A nd | Version: 7
\\/ M anipulation |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class dictionary;
object fvSchemes;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

ddtSchemes
{
default backward;
}

gradSchemes
{
default leastSquares;
}

divSchemes
{
default none;
div(phi,U) Gauss linear;
div(phi,k) Gauss linear;
div(phi,B) Gauss linear;
div(phi,nuTilda) Gauss linear;
div(B) Gauss linear;
div((nuEff*dev2(T(grad(U))))) Gauss linear;

}

laplacianSchemes
{
default Gauss linear limited 1;
}

interpolationSchemes
{
default linear;
}

snGradSchemes
{
default limited 1;
}

fluxRequired
{
default no;
p ;
}

wallDist
{
method meshWave;
}


// ************************************************** *********************** //

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration | Website: https://openfoam.org
\\ / A nd | Version: 7
\\/ M anipulation |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class dictionary;
object fvSolution;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

solvers
{
p
{
solver PCG;
preconditioner DIC;
tolerance 1e-7;
relTol 0;
}

pFinal
{
$p;
relTol 0;
}

"(U.*|k.*|B.*|nuTilda.*)"
{
solver PBiCG;
preconditioner DILU;
tolerance 1e-10;
relTol 0;
}

}

PISO
{
momentumPredictor yes;
nCorrectors 3;
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 2;
pRefCell 0;
pRefValue 0;
}
relaxationFactors
{
fields
{
p 0.3;
}
equations
{
U 0.7;
k 0.7;
R 0.7;
nuTilda 0.7;
nut 0.7;
}
}
// ************************************************** *********************** //

[Isaiah_HZ]

anyone has this kind of experience?
Thanks