https://www.cfd-online.com/W/index.php?title=Best_practice_guidelines_for_turbomachinery_CFD&feed=atom&action=historyBest practice guidelines for turbomachinery CFD - Revision history2024-03-19T03:31:58ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.16.5https://www.cfd-online.com/W/index.php?title=Best_practice_guidelines_for_turbomachinery_CFD&diff=25921&oldid=prevJola: fixed two broken external llinks2023-03-04T08:46:53Z<p>fixed two broken external llinks</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== External links ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== External links ==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</del>://<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">pronet</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">wsatkins</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">co</del>.uk/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">marnet</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">guidelines</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">guide</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">html </del>MARNET-CFD Best Practice Guidelines for Marine Applications of CFD]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http</ins>://<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">www</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">southampton</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ac</ins>.uk/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">~nwb</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">lectures</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">GoodPracticeCFD/Articles/marineCFDbpg</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">pdf </ins>MARNET-CFD Best Practice Guidelines for Marine Applications of CFD]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http</del>://<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">www</del>.stanford.edu/group/ctr/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ResBriefs/temp05</del>/weide.pdf On Large Scale Turbomachinery Computations, by E. van der Weide et. al., Center for Turbulence Research, Annual Research Briefs 2005]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</ins>://<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">web</ins>.stanford.edu/group/ctr/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ResBriefs05</ins>/weide.pdf On Large Scale Turbomachinery Computations, by E. van der Weide et. al., Center for Turbulence Research, Annual Research Briefs 2005]</div></td></tr>
</table>Jolahttps://www.cfd-online.com/W/index.php?title=Best_practice_guidelines_for_turbomachinery_CFD&diff=23131&oldid=prevShreyasr: /* Boundary layer mesh */2015-03-05T05:43:05Z<p><span class="autocomment">Boundary layer mesh</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>For design iteration type of simulations where a [[Wall functions|wall function]] approach is sufficient [[Dimensionless wall distance (y plus) | y+]] for the first cell should be somewhere between 20 and 200. The outer limit is dependent on the actual Re number of the simulations. For cases with fairly low Re numbers make sure to keep the maximum y+ as low as possible. For more accurate simulations with resolved boundary layers the mesh should have a y+ for the first cell which is below 1. Some new codes are now using a hybrid wall treatment that allows a smooth transition from a coarse wall-function mesh to a resolved low-Re mesh. Use some extra care when using this type of hybrid technique since it is still fairly new and unproven.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>For design iteration type of simulations where a [[Wall functions|wall function]] approach is sufficient [[Dimensionless wall distance (y plus) | y+]] for the first cell should be somewhere between 20 and 200. The outer limit is dependent on the actual Re number of the simulations. For cases with fairly low Re numbers make sure to keep the maximum y+ as low as possible. For more accurate simulations with resolved boundary layers the mesh should have a y+ for the first cell which is below 1. Some new codes are now using a hybrid wall treatment that allows a smooth transition from a coarse wall-function mesh to a resolved low-Re mesh. Use some extra care when using this type of hybrid technique since it is still fairly new and unproven.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Outside of the first cell at a wall a good rule of thumb is to use a growth ratio normal to the wall in the boundary layer of maximum 1.25. For a low-Re mesh this usually gives around 40 cells in the boundary layer whereas a wall-function mesh does not require more than 10 cells in the boundary layer.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Outside of the first cell at a wall a good rule of thumb is to use a growth ratio normal to the wall in the boundary layer of maximum 1.25. For a low-Re mesh this usually gives around 40 cells in the boundary layer whereas a wall-function mesh does not require more than 10 cells in the boundary layer<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Using a growth ratio of less than 20% and closer to or even less than 10% can also ensure capturing a good y+ value. Though dependent on the Reynolds number of the flow and the geometry, an initial cell height of 0.025 can probably serve as a good reference</ins>.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>If you are uncertain of which wall distance to mesh with you can use a [http://www.cfd-online.com/Links/tools.html#yplus y+ estimation tool] to estitmate the distance needed to obtain the desired y+. These estimation tools are ''very handy'' if you have not done any previous similar simulations. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>If you are uncertain of which wall distance to mesh with you can use a [http://www.cfd-online.com/Links/tools.html#yplus y+ estimation tool] to estitmate the distance needed to obtain the desired y+. These estimation tools are ''very handy'' if you have not done any previous similar simulations. </div></td></tr>
</table>Shreyasrhttps://www.cfd-online.com/W/index.php?title=Best_practice_guidelines_for_turbomachinery_CFD&diff=23130&oldid=prevShreyasr: /* Mesh size guidelines */2015-03-05T05:42:19Z<p><span class="autocomment">Mesh size guidelines</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In 2D blade simulations a good wall-function mesh has around 20,000 cells and a good low-Re mesh with resolved boundary layers has around 50,000 cells.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In 2D blade simulations a good wall-function mesh has around 20,000 cells and a good low-Re mesh with resolved boundary layers has around 50,000 cells.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Along the suction and pressure surfaces it is a good use about 100 cells in the streamwise direction. In the radial direction a good first approach is to use something like 30 cells for a wall-function mesh and 100 cells for a low-Re mesh<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Using a growth ratio of less than 20% and closer to or even less than 10% can also ensure capturing a good y+ value. Though dependent on the Reynolds number of the flow and the geometry, an initial cell height of 0.025 can probably serve as a good reference</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Along the suction and pressure surfaces it is a good use about 100 cells in the streamwise direction. In the radial direction a good first approach is to use something like 30 cells for a wall-function mesh and 100 cells for a low-Re mesh.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>It is important to resolve leading and trailing edges well. Typically at least 10 cells, preferably 20 should be used around the leading and trailing edges. For very blunt and large leading edges, like those commonly found on HP turbine blades, 30 or more cells can be necessary.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>It is important to resolve leading and trailing edges well. Typically at least 10 cells, preferably 20 should be used around the leading and trailing edges. For very blunt and large leading edges, like those commonly found on HP turbine blades, 30 or more cells can be necessary.</div></td></tr>
</table>Shreyasrhttps://www.cfd-online.com/W/index.php?title=Best_practice_guidelines_for_turbomachinery_CFD&diff=23129&oldid=prevShreyasr: /* Mesh size guidelines */ Added some info about growth ratio of the cells to capture good y+ and initial cell height.2015-03-05T05:39:15Z<p><span class="autocomment">Mesh size guidelines: </span> Added some info about growth ratio of the cells to capture good y+ and initial cell height.</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In 2D blade simulations a good wall-function mesh has around 20,000 cells and a good low-Re mesh with resolved boundary layers has around 50,000 cells.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In 2D blade simulations a good wall-function mesh has around 20,000 cells and a good low-Re mesh with resolved boundary layers has around 50,000 cells.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Along the suction and pressure surfaces it is a good use about 100 cells in the streamwise direction. In the radial direction a good first approach is to use something like 30 cells for a wall-function mesh and 100 cells for a low-Re mesh.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Along the suction and pressure surfaces it is a good use about 100 cells in the streamwise direction. In the radial direction a good first approach is to use something like 30 cells for a wall-function mesh and 100 cells for a low-Re mesh<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Using a growth ratio of less than 20% and closer to or even less than 10% can also ensure capturing a good y+ value. Though dependent on the Reynolds number of the flow and the geometry, an initial cell height of 0.025 can probably serve as a good reference</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>It is important to resolve leading and trailing edges well. Typically at least 10 cells, preferably 20 should be used around the leading and trailing edges. For very blunt and large leading edges, like those commonly found on HP turbine blades, 30 or more cells can be necessary.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>It is important to resolve leading and trailing edges well. Typically at least 10 cells, preferably 20 should be used around the leading and trailing edges. For very blunt and large leading edges, like those commonly found on HP turbine blades, 30 or more cells can be necessary.</div></td></tr>
</table>Shreyasrhttps://www.cfd-online.com/W/index.php?title=Best_practice_guidelines_for_turbomachinery_CFD&diff=21494&oldid=prevFrmonto: /* References */2013-08-23T10:27:49Z<p><span class="autocomment">References</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* {{reference-paper|author= Montomoli, F., Hodson,H.P, Lapworth, L. |year=2011|title=RANS-URANS in axial compressors, a design methodology|rest=Journal of Power and Energy, 225 (A3), pp. 363-374}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* {{reference-paper|author= Montomoli, F., Hodson,H.P, Lapworth, L. |year=2011|title=RANS-URANS in axial compressors, a design methodology|rest=Journal of Power and Energy, 225 (A3), pp. 363-374}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* {{reference-paper|author= Montomoli, F., D'Ammaro,A., Uchida, S. |year=2013|title=Uncertainty Quantification and Conjugate Heat Transfer: a Stochastic Analysis|rest=Journal of Turbomachinery, 135(3), 031014}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* {{reference-paper|author=Savill, M., Dick, E., Hanjalić, K. and Voke, P.|year=2002|title=Synthesis Report of the ERCOFTAC Transition Modeling – TRANSPRETURB Thematic Network Activities 1998-2002|rest=Ecoftac Bulletin 54, September 2002, pp. 5-16}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* {{reference-paper|author=Savill, M., Dick, E., Hanjalić, K. and Voke, P.|year=2002|title=Synthesis Report of the ERCOFTAC Transition Modeling – TRANSPRETURB Thematic Network Activities 1998-2002|rest=Ecoftac Bulletin 54, September 2002, pp. 5-16}}</div></td></tr>
</table>Frmontohttps://www.cfd-online.com/W/index.php?title=Best_practice_guidelines_for_turbomachinery_CFD&diff=21493&oldid=prevFrmonto: /* Geometrical errors */2013-08-23T10:25:13Z<p><span class="autocomment">Geometrical errors</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*Surface conditions - roughness, welds, steps, gaps etc.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*Surface conditions - roughness, welds, steps, gaps etc.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>:Often CFD simulations assume a perfectly smooth surface. A non-smooth surface which might have welds, steps or even gaps will of course produce different results. If the physical phenomena of interest might depend on the surface conditions these should of course be condidered. Typical phenomena that might be dependent on this type of errors are transition prediction, leakage flows etc.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>:Often CFD simulations assume a perfectly smooth surface. A non-smooth surface which might have welds, steps or even gaps will of course produce different results. If the physical phenomena of interest might depend on the surface conditions these should of course be condidered. Typical phenomena that might be dependent on this type of errors are transition prediction, leakage flows etc.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">More recently Uncertainty Quantification techniques have been applied to turbomachinery to model real geometries considering their stochastic variations [Montomoli et al. 2013]</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=== Model errors ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=== Model errors ===</div></td></tr>
</table>Frmontohttps://www.cfd-online.com/W/index.php?title=Best_practice_guidelines_for_turbomachinery_CFD&diff=21492&oldid=prevFrmonto: /* References */2013-08-23T10:20:07Z<p><span class="autocomment">References</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* {{reference-paper|author=Menter, F.R. |year=1994|title=Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications|rest=AIAA Journal, vol. 32, pp. 269-289}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* {{reference-paper|author=Menter, F.R. |year=1994|title=Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications|rest=AIAA Journal, vol. 32, pp. 269-289}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* {{reference-paper|author= Montomoli, F., Hodson,H.P, Lapworth, L. |year=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2009</del>|title=RANS-URANS in axial compressors, a design methodology|rest=Journal of Power and Energy, 225 (A3), pp. 363-374 <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(2011)</del>}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* {{reference-paper|author= Montomoli, F., Hodson,H.P, Lapworth, L. |year=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2011</ins>|title=RANS-URANS in axial compressors, a design methodology|rest=Journal of Power and Energy, 225 (A3), pp. 363-374}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* {{reference-paper|author=Savill, M., Dick, E., Hanjalić, K. and Voke, P.|year=2002|title=Synthesis Report of the ERCOFTAC Transition Modeling – TRANSPRETURB Thematic Network Activities 1998-2002|rest=Ecoftac Bulletin 54, September 2002, pp. 5-16}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* {{reference-paper|author=Savill, M., Dick, E., Hanjalić, K. and Voke, P.|year=2002|title=Synthesis Report of the ERCOFTAC Transition Modeling – TRANSPRETURB Thematic Network Activities 1998-2002|rest=Ecoftac Bulletin 54, September 2002, pp. 5-16}}</div></td></tr>
</table>Frmontohttps://www.cfd-online.com/W/index.php?title=Best_practice_guidelines_for_turbomachinery_CFD&diff=21491&oldid=prevFrmonto: /* Hybrid steady-unsteady stator-rotor simulations */2013-08-23T10:19:33Z<p><span class="autocomment">Hybrid steady-unsteady stator-rotor simulations</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=== Hybrid steady-unsteady stator-rotor simulations ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=== Hybrid steady-unsteady stator-rotor simulations ===</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Hybrid steady-unsteady methods have been proposed in literature (Montomoli et al. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2009</del>) in order to have an unsteady simulation embedded in a multistage steady study. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Hybrid steady-unsteady methods have been proposed in literature (Montomoli et al. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2011</ins>) in order to have an unsteady simulation embedded in a multistage steady study. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There are several advantages related to this method: mainly grid size and number of iterations.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There are several advantages related to this method: mainly grid size and number of iterations.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Frmontohttps://www.cfd-online.com/W/index.php?title=Best_practice_guidelines_for_turbomachinery_CFD&diff=21490&oldid=prevFrmonto: /* References */2013-08-23T10:18:20Z<p><span class="autocomment">References</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* {{reference-paper|author=Menter, F.R. |year=1994|title=Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications|rest=AIAA Journal, vol. 32, pp. 269-289}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* {{reference-paper|author=Menter, F.R. |year=1994|title=Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications|rest=AIAA Journal, vol. 32, pp. 269-289}}</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* {{reference-paper|author= Montomoli, F., Hodson,H.P, Lapworth, L. |year=2009|title=RANS-URANS in axial compressors, a design methodology|rest=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">IMECHE Seminar: Grand review in the state-</del>of-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the-art in the numerical simulation of fluid flow 2</del>}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* {{reference-paper|author= Montomoli, F., Hodson,H.P, Lapworth, L. |year=2009|title=RANS-URANS in axial compressors, a design methodology|rest=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Journal </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Power and Energy, 225 (A3), pp. 363</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">374 (2011)</ins>}}</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* {{reference-paper|author=Savill, M., Dick, E., Hanjalić, K. and Voke, P.|year=2002|title=Synthesis Report of the ERCOFTAC Transition Modeling – TRANSPRETURB Thematic Network Activities 1998-2002|rest=Ecoftac Bulletin 54, September 2002, pp. 5-16}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* {{reference-paper|author=Savill, M., Dick, E., Hanjalić, K. and Voke, P.|year=2002|title=Synthesis Report of the ERCOFTAC Transition Modeling – TRANSPRETURB Thematic Network Activities 1998-2002|rest=Ecoftac Bulletin 54, September 2002, pp. 5-16}}</div></td></tr>
</table>Frmontohttps://www.cfd-online.com/W/index.php?title=Best_practice_guidelines_for_turbomachinery_CFD&diff=13789&oldid=prevPeter: removed two dead links2012-01-20T16:59:31Z<p>removed two dead links</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== External links ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== External links ==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [http://www.qnet-cfd.net/newsletter/8th/n8_40-46.pdf QNET-CFD Best Practise Advice for Turbomachinery Internal Flows]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [http://www.qnet-cfd.net/newsletter/7th/n7_05.pdf State of the art in Industrial CFD for Turbomachinery Flows, QNET-CFD Network Newsletter, Volume 2, No. 3 – December 2003]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [https://pronet.wsatkins.co.uk/marnet/guidelines/guide.html MARNET-CFD Best Practice Guidelines for Marine Applications of CFD]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [https://pronet.wsatkins.co.uk/marnet/guidelines/guide.html MARNET-CFD Best Practice Guidelines for Marine Applications of CFD]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://www.stanford.edu/group/ctr/ResBriefs/temp05/weide.pdf On Large Scale Turbomachinery Computations, by E. van der Weide et. al., Center for Turbulence Research, Annual Research Briefs 2005]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://www.stanford.edu/group/ctr/ResBriefs/temp05/weide.pdf On Large Scale Turbomachinery Computations, by E. van der Weide et. al., Center for Turbulence Research, Annual Research Briefs 2005]</div></td></tr>
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