CFD Online Discussion Forums - Viscous term expansion

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Viscous term expansion

Hi all, I'm studying the implementation of the viscous term in NS equations in the general framework used for example in pisoFoam, nevertheless I can't understand some of the things that are done. Viscous term is:

div[nuEff*(grad(U)+grad(U)^T)]

due incompressibility and applying div to the product, it becomes

laplacian(nuEff, U)+ grad(nuEff)*[(grad(U)+grad(U)^T)] (1)

in laminar regime nuEff=nu and in turbulent regime nuEff=nu+nut. Reading the code we have from pisoFoam.C:

Code:

00065             fvVectorMatrix UEqn

00066             (

00067                 fvm::ddt(U)

00068               + fvm::div(phi, U)

00069               + turbulence->divDevReff(U)

00070             );

so that the viscous term is contained in turbulence->divDevReff(U) calling. Taking, for example, the kEpsilon.C implementation:

Code:

00181 tmp<fvVectorMatrix> kEpsilon::divDevReff(volVectorField& U) const

00182 {

00183     return

00184     (

00185       - fvm::laplacian(nuEff(), U)

00186       - fvc::div(nuEff()*dev(fvc::grad(U)().T()))

00187     );

00188 }

the laplacian term is present, but the second term is completely different to the second one in (1). I tried to derive the above formulation without success and my advisor showed me that both expressions [(1) and which is present in divDevRefff] give different results in deed, using a counterexample with a div(U)=0 field.

All ideas are welcome.

Regards.

Hello, Santiago.

Perhaps you have it already solved, but here goes my try:

The laminar part of viscous stress tensor is:
$\nabla\cdot\tau = \nabla \cdot \nu [ \nabla U + ( \nabla U )^T ]$

The turbulent part of viscous stress tensor is
$\nabla\cdot\tau_T = \nabla \cdot \nu_T [ \nabla U + ( \nabla U )^T ]$

Now, summing both contributions:
$\nabla\cdot(\tau+\tau_T) = \nabla\cdot[(\nu+\nu_T) \nabla U] + \nabla \cdot [ (\nu+\nu_T) (\nabla U )^T]$

The last term in OpenFOAM code is not the same, though:
- it is computed the deviatoric of $(\nabla U )^T$ and not the gradient itself. This is discussed in another topic: http://www.cfd-online.com/Forums/ope...ivdevreff.html

The trace of last term is zero because of the explicit formulation using the velocity field from previous time step, that should be divergence free.