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Glass industry

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(New page: == CFD in glass industry == CFD has a long tradition in glass industry. The measurement of flow quantities is very difficult and therefore simulation greatly helps to understand, evalua...)
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=== Process steps in the glass industry ===   
=== Process steps in the glass industry ===   
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==== Typical process steps in the glass industry are ====
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Typical process steps in the glass industry are  
* melting
* melting
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* conditioning
* conditioning
* hot forming
* hot forming
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** blowing, pressing, rolling, casting, drawing, floating, spinning, ...
+
** feeding, blowing, pressing, rolling, casting, drawing, floating, spinning, ...
The hot end of a glassworks is where the molten glass is formed, beginning when the batch is fed at a slow controlled rate into the furnace. The furnaces are natural gas or fuel oil fired and operate at temperatures up to 1700°C. The temperature is limited by the quality of the furnace superstructure material and by the glass composition.The molten glass flows from a subducted channel known as the furnace throat into the refiner and forehearth channels. These channels transport the glass to the glass forming area. These channels cool the glass very precisely so that the glass at the forming area is of a uniform and exact temperature.
The hot end of a glassworks is where the molten glass is formed, beginning when the batch is fed at a slow controlled rate into the furnace. The furnaces are natural gas or fuel oil fired and operate at temperatures up to 1700°C. The temperature is limited by the quality of the furnace superstructure material and by the glass composition.The molten glass flows from a subducted channel known as the furnace throat into the refiner and forehearth channels. These channels transport the glass to the glass forming area. These channels cool the glass very precisely so that the glass at the forming area is of a uniform and exact temperature.
-
==== Forming process ====
+
==== Homogenization ====
-
Depending on the final product a huge number of forming processes are known. For example for glass container currently two primary methods exist - the blow and blow method and the press and blow method. Various processes are available to produces thin flat glass sheets (Floating, Rolling, Overflow-Fusion, FOURCAULT drawing, ASAHI drawing, PITTSBURGH process, Down-Draw process). Depending on the product specifications each process has its pros and cons.
+
In glass industry, the function of stirring is to create uniform, homogeneous glass. Stirring equipment operates at high temperatures and under high mechanical stresses, so stirring devices have to be robust and often involve large amounts of platinum or platinum alloys. Although stirrers, stirrer bars, blenders, homogenizers, screw plungers and plunging stirrers currently used are generally effective in operation, reliable and with predictable lifetime, lower cost and improved operational efficiency are main targets for the future.
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== External Links ==
+
==== Feeding ====
 +
Glass making processes from containers to tableware to TV glass begin with a droplet (gob) being delivered to the forming machines. In a large measure the success of the entire operation depends upon the uniform quality of the gob.
-
Small articles could be found to each production step at
+
==== Forming processes ====
-
* [http://www.nogrid.com/index.php/lang-de/applications-menu-link/34-applications-glass-links/23-mixing-glass-article glass stirring]
+
Depending on the final product a huge number of forming processes are known. For example for glass container currently two primary methods exist - the blow and blow method and the press and blow method. Various processes are available to produce thin flat glass sheets (Floating, Rolling, Overflow-Fusion, FOURCAULT drawing, ASAHI drawing, PITTSBURGH process, Down-Draw process). Depending on the product specifications each process has its pros and cons.
-
* [http://www.nogrid.com/index.php/lang-de/applications-menu-link/34-applications-glass-links/46-feeding-article glass feeding]
+
== External Links ==
-
* [http://www.nogrid.com/index.php/lang-de/applications-menu-link/34-applications-glass-links/53-glass-drawing glass sheet drawing]
+
Small articles could be found to each production step at
-
 
+
-
* [http://www.nogrid.com/index.php/lang-de/applications-menu-link/34-applications-glass-links/62-glass-blowing glass blowing]
+
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* [http://www.nogrid.com/index.php/lang-de/applications-menu-link/34-applications-glass-links/54-glass-rolling-link glass ribbon rolling]
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* [https://www.nogrid.com/pages/all-articles/9-all-en/industries/glass-industry/24-mixing-for-glass-industry glass mixing]
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* [http://www.nogrid.com/index.php/lang-de/applications-menu-link/34-applications-glass-links/51-glass-spinning-article glass centrifugal casting]
+
* [https://www.nogrid.com/pages/all-articles/9-all-en/industries/glass-industry/22-feeding-glass glass feeding]
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* [http://www.nogrid.com/index.php/lang-de/applications-menu-link/34-applications-glass-links/49-pressing-glass-cup glass pressing]
+
* [https://www.nogrid.com/pages/all-articles/9-all-en/industries/glass-industry/17-glass-sheet-drawing glass sheet drawing]
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* [http://www.nogrid.com/index.php/lang-de/applications-menu-link/34-applications-glass-links/45-floating-article glass floating]
+
* [https://www.nogrid.com/pages/all-articles/9-all-en/industries/glass-industry/126-nogrid-points-blow-app container glass blowing]
 +
* [https://www.nogrid.com/pages/feature-cases/thermal-analysis/194-cyclic-heating-of-molds-for-contianer-forming-processes cyclic heating of metal moulds]
 +
* [https://www.nogrid.com/pages/all-articles/9-all-en/industries/glass-industry/16-glass-sheet-rolling glass ribbon rolling]
 +
* [https://www.nogrid.com/pages/all-articles/9-all-en/industries/glass-industry/18-glass-spinning glass centrifugal casting]
 +
* [https://www.nogrid.com/pages/all-articles/9-all-en/industries/glass-industry/19-pressing-tv-panel glass pressing (TV panel)]
 +
* [https://www.nogrid.com/pages/all-articles/9-all-en/industries/glass-industry/20-pressing-glass-cup glass pressing (glass cup)]
 +
* [https://www.nogrid.com/pages/all-articles/9-all-en/industries/glass-industry/15-glas-mold-contact-chill-ripples glass pressing (chill ripples)]
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[edit]
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* [https://www.nogrid.com/pages/all-articles/9-all-en/industries/glass-industry/23-glass-floating glass floating]

Latest revision as of 08:47, 22 July 2018

Contents

CFD in glass industry

CFD has a long tradition in glass industry. The measurement of flow quantities is very difficult and therefore simulation greatly helps to understand, evaluate and optimize all applicable processing steps.

Process steps in the glass industry

Typical process steps in the glass industry are

  • melting
  • distribution
  • homogenization
    • stirring the glass in special homogenization systems
  • conditioning
  • hot forming
    • feeding, blowing, pressing, rolling, casting, drawing, floating, spinning, ...


The hot end of a glassworks is where the molten glass is formed, beginning when the batch is fed at a slow controlled rate into the furnace. The furnaces are natural gas or fuel oil fired and operate at temperatures up to 1700°C. The temperature is limited by the quality of the furnace superstructure material and by the glass composition.The molten glass flows from a subducted channel known as the furnace throat into the refiner and forehearth channels. These channels transport the glass to the glass forming area. These channels cool the glass very precisely so that the glass at the forming area is of a uniform and exact temperature.

Homogenization

In glass industry, the function of stirring is to create uniform, homogeneous glass. Stirring equipment operates at high temperatures and under high mechanical stresses, so stirring devices have to be robust and often involve large amounts of platinum or platinum alloys. Although stirrers, stirrer bars, blenders, homogenizers, screw plungers and plunging stirrers currently used are generally effective in operation, reliable and with predictable lifetime, lower cost and improved operational efficiency are main targets for the future.

Feeding

Glass making processes from containers to tableware to TV glass begin with a droplet (gob) being delivered to the forming machines. In a large measure the success of the entire operation depends upon the uniform quality of the gob.

Forming processes

Depending on the final product a huge number of forming processes are known. For example for glass container currently two primary methods exist - the blow and blow method and the press and blow method. Various processes are available to produce thin flat glass sheets (Floating, Rolling, Overflow-Fusion, FOURCAULT drawing, ASAHI drawing, PITTSBURGH process, Down-Draw process). Depending on the product specifications each process has its pros and cons.

External Links

Small articles could be found to each production step at

My wiki