Help needed to model gas-solids flow

Juliana P

Dear all,

me need help! Am trying to model a hopper flow. Am completely new to Fluent. The tutorials have that of an impeller liquid-gas but not solids-gas. After much reading up, I am still abit now where.

Which turbulent model should I use? It is not mixture as the density of the secondary phase (i.e. solids materials) are much higher than the primary phase (air). It is not dispersed turbulence as the secondary phase is not dilute. (or is it? what is consider dilute? The solids are loaded into a hopper and made to flow out). Can i model it as laminar flow?

Also the boundary condition at the outlet? Should I use outflow or pressure outlet? Things like velocity at outlet I do not know. I thought should be calculated by FLUENT?

Please help if anyone can.Thanks a lot everyone.

Juliana P