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July 10, 2015, 12:17 |
Collapsing Layers
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#1 |
New Member
Tim
Join Date: Mar 2015
Posts: 7
Rep Power: 11 |
Hey everyone!
I'm currently working on a simulation of the wind flow over a suburban area. The simulation domain consists of a bigger lake with some islands in it. Of course I want to add layer to the ground surface. But as you can see in the attached images, layers are collapsing. Now I already tried to modify the featureAngle setting but without success. I also tried the solution given in this thread. But the changeDirectory method hasn't worked as well. I attached a second image showing the surface mesh of the ground surface and now I wonder if those cells are the reason for the layers to collapse. I am not that experienced with snappy so I would be more than happy for an advise or two Quick second question: I have several .stl files for the forests in the computed area. I am going to write those areas to cellZones. So that I can later define them as a porous medium. Now if I mesh them relatively coarse in the refinement process, will the layer generation again look for those forest-defining stl's and refine the inside or not? Or are the layers even overriding the cellZones? Thanks in advance, Tim Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\ | ========= | | | \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox | | \\ / O peration | Version: 2.2.2 | | \\ / A nd | Web: www.OpenFOAM.org | | \\/ M anipulation | | \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ FoamFile { version 2.0; format ascii; class dictionary; object snappyHexMeshDict; } // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * // // Which of the steps to run castellatedMesh false; snap false; addLayers true; // Geometry. Definition of all surfaces. All surfaces are of class // searchableSurface. // Surfaces are used // - to specify refinement for any mesh cell intersecting it // - to specify refinement for any mesh cell inside/outside/near // - to 'snap' the mesh boundary to the surface geometry { domain.stl { type triSurfaceMesh; name domain; } sueden { type searchablePlane; planeType pointAndNormal; pointAndNormalDict { basePoint (372424 5808836 0); normalVector (0 -1 0); } } osten { type searchablePlane; planeType pointAndNormal; pointAndNormalDict { basePoint (377998 5808836 0); normalVector (1 0 0); } } norden { type searchablePlane; planeType pointAndNormal; pointAndNormalDict { basePoint (372424 5813998 0); normalVector (0 1 0); } } westen { type searchablePlane; planeType pointAndNormal; pointAndNormalDict { basePoint (372424 5808836 0); normalVector (-1 0 0); } } }; // Settings for the castellatedMesh generation. castellatedMeshControls { // Refinement parameters // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ // If local number of cells is >= maxLocalCells on any processor // switches from from refinement followed by balancing // (current method) to (weighted) balancing before refinement. maxLocalCells 20000000; // Overall cell limit (approximately). Refinement will stop immediately // upon reaching this number so a refinement level might not complete. // Note that this is the number of cells before removing the part which // is not 'visible' from the keepPoint. The final number of cells might // actually be a lot less. maxGlobalCells 20000000; // The surface refinement loop might spend lots of iterations refining just a // few cells. This setting will cause refinement to stop if <= minimumRefine // are selected for refinement. Note: it will at least do one iteration // (unless the number of cells to refine is 0) minRefinementCells 5; // Allow a certain level of imbalance during refining // (since balancing is quite expensive) // Expressed as fraction of perfect balance (= overall number of cells / // nProcs). 0=balance always. maxLoadUnbalance 0.10; // Number of buffer layers between different levels. // 1 means normal 2:1 refinement restriction, larger means slower // refinement. nCellsBetweenLevels 3; // Explicit feature edge refinement // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ // Specifies a level for any cell intersected by its edges. // This is a featureEdgeMesh, read from constant/triSurface for now. features ( ); // Surface based refinement // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ // Specifies two levels for every surface. The first is the minimum level, // every cell intersecting a surface gets refined up to the minimum level. // The second level is the maximum level. Cells that 'see' multiple // intersections where the intersections make an // angle > resolveFeatureAngle get refined up to the maximum level. refinementSurfaces { domain { level (2 2); } } // Resolve sharp angles resolveFeatureAngle 30; // Region-wise refinement // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ // Specifies refinement level for cells in relation to a surface. One of // three modes // - distance. 'levels' specifies per distance to the surface the // wanted refinement level. The distances need to be specified in // descending order. // - inside. 'levels' is only one entry and only the level is used. All // cells inside the surface get refined up to the level. The surface // needs to be closed for this to be possible. // - outside. Same but cells outside. refinementRegions { } // Mesh selection // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ // After refinement patches get added for all refinementSurfaces and // all cells intersecting the surfaces get put into these patches. The // section reachable from the locationInMesh is kept. // NOTE: This point should never be on a face, always inside a cell, even // after refinement. locationInMesh (374001.1 5812001.1 149.9); // Whether any faceZones (as specified in the refinementSurfaces) // are only on the boundary of corresponding cellZones or also allow // free-standing zone faces. Not used if there are no faceZones. allowFreeStandingZoneFaces true; } // Settings for the snapping. snapControls { //- Number of patch smoothing iterations before finding correspondence // to surface nSmoothPatch 5; //- Relative distance for points to be attracted by surface feature point // or edge. True distance is this factor times local // maximum edge length. tolerance 4.0; //- Number of mesh displacement relaxation iterations. nSolveIter 40; //- Maximum number of snapping relaxation iterations. Should stop // before upon reaching a correct mesh. nRelaxIter 10; // Feature snapping //- Number of feature edge snapping iterations. // Leave out altogether to disable. nFeatureSnapIter 30; //- Detect (geometric only) features by sampling the surface // (default=false). implicitFeatureSnap true; //- Use castellatedMeshControls::features (default = true) explicitFeatureSnap true; //- Detect points on multiple surfaces (only for explicitFeatureSnap) multiRegionFeatureSnap false; } // Settings for the layer addition. addLayersControls { // Are the thickness parameters below relative to the undistorted // size of the refined cell outside layer (true) or absolute sizes (false). relativeSizes true; // Per final patch (so not geometry!) the layer information layers { domain { nSurfaceLayers 5; } // After refinement patches get added for all refinementSurfaces and // all cells intersecting the surfaces get put into these patches. The // section reachable from the locationInMesh is kept. // NOTE: This point should never be on a face, always inside a cell, even // after refinement. locationInMesh (374001.1 5810001.1 299.9); // Whether any faceZones (as specified in the refinementSurfaces) // are only on the boundary of corresponding cellZones or also allow // free-standing zone faces. Not used if there are no faceZones. allowFreeStandingZoneFaces true; } // Settings for the snapping. snapControls { //- Number of patch smoothing iterations before finding correspondence // to surface nSmoothPatch 5; //- Relative distance for points to be attracted by surface feature point // or edge. True distance is this factor times local // maximum edge length. tolerance 4.0; //- Number of mesh displacement relaxation iterations. nSolveIter 40; //- Maximum number of snapping relaxation iterations. Should stop // before upon reaching a correct mesh. nRelaxIter 10; // Feature snapping //- Number of feature edge snapping iterations. // Leave out altogether to disable. nFeatureSnapIter 30; //- Detect (geometric only) features by sampling the surface // (default=false). } // Expansion factor for layer mesh expansionRatio 1.2; // Wanted thickness of final added cell layer. If multiple layers // is the // thickness of the layer furthest away from the wall. // Relative to undistorted size of cell outside layer. // is the thickness of the layer furthest away from the wall. // See relativeSizes parameter. finalLayerThickness 0.8; // Minimum thickness of cell layer. If for any reason layer // cannot be above minThickness do not add layer. // Relative to undistorted size of cell outside layer. minThickness 0.001; // If points get not extruded do nGrow layers of connected faces that are // also not grown. This helps convergence of the layer addition process // close to features. // Note: changed(corrected) w.r.t 17x! (didn't do anything in 17x) nGrow 1; // Advanced settings // When not to extrude surface. 0 is flat surface, 90 is when two faces // are perpendicular featureAngle 180; // At non-patched sides allow mesh to slip if extrusion direction makes // angle larger than slipFeatureAngle. slipFeatureAngle 30; // Maximum number of snapping relaxation iterations. Should stop // before upon reaching a correct mesh. nRelaxIter 3; // Number of smoothing iterations of surface normals nSmoothSurfaceNormals 1; // Number of smoothing iterations of interior mesh movement direction nSmoothNormals 3; // Smooth layer thickness over surface patches nSmoothThickness 10; // Stop layer growth on highly warped cells maxFaceThicknessRatio 1.0; // Reduce layer growth where ratio thickness to medial // distance is large maxThicknessToMedialRatio 1.0; // Angle used to pick up medial axis points // Note: changed(corrected) w.r.t 17x! 90 degrees corresponds to 130 in 17x. minMedianAxisAngle 130; // Create buffer region for new layer terminations nBufferCellsNoExtrude 0; // Overall max number of layer addition iterations. The mesher will exit // if it reaches this number of iterations; possibly with an illegal // mesh. nLayerIter 50; } // Generic mesh quality settings. At any undoable phase these determine // where to undo. meshQualityControls { //- Maximum non-orthogonality allowed. Set to 180 to disable. maxNonOrtho 65; //- Max skewness allowed. Set to <0 to disable. maxBoundarySkewness 10; maxInternalSkewness 2; //- Max concaveness allowed. Is angle (in degrees) below which concavity // is allowed. 0 is straight face, <0 would be convex face. // Set to 180 to disable. maxConcave 80; //- Minimum pyramid volume. Is absolute volume of cell pyramid. // Set to a sensible fraction of the smallest cell volume expected. // Set to very negative number (e.g. -1E30) to disable. minVol 1e-13; //- Minimum quality of the tet formed by the face-centre // and variable base point minimum decomposition triangles and // the cell centre. This has to be a positive number for tracking // to work. Set to very negative number (e.g. -1E30) to // disable. // <0 = inside out tet, // 0 = flat tet // 1 = regular tet minTetQuality 1e-30; //- Minimum face area. Set to <0 to disable. minArea -1; //- Minimum face twist. Set to <-1 to disable. dot product of face normal //- and face centre triangles normal minTwist 0.02; //- minimum normalised cell determinant //- 1 = hex, <= 0 = folded or flattened illegal cell minDeterminant 0.001; //- minFaceWeight (0 -> 0.5) minFaceWeight 0.02; //- minVolRatio (0 -> 1) minVolRatio 0.01; //must be >0 for Fluent compatibility minTriangleTwist -1; // Advanced //- Number of error distribution iterations nSmoothScale 4; //- amount to scale back displacement at error points errorReduction 0.75; } // Advanced // Flags for optional output // 0 : only write final meshes // 1 : write intermediate meshes // 2 : write volScalarField with cellLevel for postprocessing // 4 : write current intersections as .obj files debug 0; // Merge tolerance. Is fraction of overall bounding box of initial mesh. // Note: the write tolerance needs to be higher than this. mergeTolerance 1e-6; // ************************************************************************* // |
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Tags |
collapsing, layer, prism, snappyhexmesh |
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