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Force coeffs oscillate every time step

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Old   August 4, 2023, 19:20
Default Force coeffs oscillate every time step
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Matthew Lee
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I am trying to use OpenFOAM v10 to simulate 2D flow over a cylinder with the Smagorinsky LES model. It runs and looks good in Paraview, but the lift and drag forces seem to oscillate consistently after every time step. Here's a snippet from the end of my forceCoeffs.dat file:

Code:
199.941818     	1.4317889e-21	1.6527645e+00	5.1511692e-21	4.0073734e-21	1.1437957e-21
199.9447989    	1.6122451e-21	1.5110680e+00	4.0493426e-21	3.6369164e-21	4.1242622e-22
199.9477798    	1.4459129e-21	1.6526853e+00	5.1431568e-21	4.0174913e-21	1.1256655e-21
199.9507606    	1.6260685e-21	1.5107106e+00	4.0335480e-21	3.6428425e-21	3.9070552e-22
199.9537415    	1.4597792e-21	1.6522745e+00	5.1228902e-21	4.0212243e-21	1.1016659e-21
199.9567224    	1.6399527e-21	1.5104890e+00	4.0152702e-21	3.6475879e-21	3.6768236e-22
199.9597034    	1.4738386e-21	1.6522392e+00	5.1084799e-21	4.0280785e-21	1.0804014e-21
199.9626846    	1.6539039e-21	1.5102981e+00	3.9886949e-21	3.6482513e-21	3.4044355e-22
199.9656659    	1.4877786e-21	1.6520038e+00	5.0858655e-21	4.0307114e-21	1.0551541e-21
199.9686475    	1.6678368e-21	1.5101075e+00	3.9668461e-21	3.6512598e-21	3.1558630e-22
199.9716294    	1.5018335e-21	1.6519039e+00	5.0605950e-21	4.0321310e-21	1.0284640e-21
199.9746116    	1.6818407e-21	1.5101007e+00	3.9380434e-21	3.6508624e-21	2.8718097e-22
199.9775941    	1.5153028e-21	1.6515028e+00	5.0302069e-21	4.0304062e-21	9.9980069e-22
199.980577     	1.6951050e-21	1.5096615e+00	3.9126535e-21	3.6514317e-21	2.6122175e-22
199.9835603    	1.5294942e-21	1.6516077e+00	4.9977361e-21	4.0283622e-21	9.6937391e-22
199.9865441    	1.7095061e-21	1.5095849e+00	3.8739997e-21	3.6465059e-21	2.2749381e-22
199.9895284    	1.5435153e-21	1.6512604e+00	4.9466982e-21	4.0168644e-21	9.2983377e-22
199.9925132    	1.7236659e-21	1.5093642e+00	3.8017353e-21	3.6245336e-21	1.7720176e-22
199.9954986    	1.5579112e-21	1.6512630e+00	4.8440745e-21	3.9799484e-21	8.6412609e-22
199.9984846    	1.7378092e-21	1.5093106e+00	3.7230284e-21	3.5993234e-21	1.2370506e-22
200.0014712    	1.5720350e-21	1.6512341e+00	4.8135393e-21	3.9788047e-21	8.3473460e-22
I am very new to CFD so I'm not exactly sure why this is happening. Here are my fvSchemes and fvSolution files:

Code:
ddtSchemes
{
  default           CrankNicolson 1;
}

gradSchemes
{
  default           cellLimited Gauss linear 0.5;
  grad(U)           cellLimited Gauss linear 1;
}

divSchemes
{
  default           Gauss upwind;
  div(phi,U)        Gauss linearUpwind grad(U);
  div(phi,k)	    Gauss linearUpwind default;
  div(phi,omega)    Gauss upwind;
  div((nuEff*dev2(T(grad(U))))) Gauss linear;
}

laplacianSchemes
{
  default           Gauss linear corrected;
}

interpolationSchemes
{
  default           linear;
}

snGradSchemes
{
  default           corrected;
}

wallDist
{
  method            meshWave;
}
Code:
solvers
{
    p
    {
        solver          GAMG;
        tolerance       1e-6;
        relTol          0.001;
        smoother        GaussSeidel;
        minIter         3;
    }

    pFinal
    {
        $p;
        relTol          0;
    }

    "(U|k|epsilon|omega|s|kt|kl|nuTilda)"
    {
        solver          PBiCGStab;
        preconditioner  DILU;
        tolerance       1e-10;
        relTol          0.001;
	// minIter		3;
    }

    "(U|k|epsilon|omega|s|kt|kl|nuTilda)Final"
    {
        $U;
        relTol          0;
    }
}

PIMPLE
{
    nOuterCorrectors    1;
    nCorrectors         2;
    nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 1;
}

relaxationFactors
{
    equations
    {
        ".*"            0.5;
    }
}
Based on post-processing with yPlus it seems like my y+ is less than 6 and the Reynolds number is 100,000. Any ideas how to keep the forces from oscillating after every time step? Do I need to use different numerical schemes or solvers?
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