# Reynolds stress model (RSM)

(Difference between revisions)
 Revision as of 21:31, 16 May 2006 (view source)Jola (Talk | contribs)← Older edit Revision as of 09:05, 12 August 2010 (view source)Peter (Talk | contribs) (added model variants LRR and SSG with references)Newer edit → (20 intermediate revisions not shown) Line 1: Line 1: == Introduction == == Introduction == - The Reynold's stress model (RSM) is a higher level, elaborate turbulence model. It is usually called a ''Second Order Closure''. This modelling approach originates from the work by '''''Launder et al''''' (1975). In RSM, the eddy viscosity approach has been discarded and the Reynolds stresses are directl computed. The exact Reynolds stress transport equation accounts for the directional effects of the Reynolds stress fields. + The Reynold's stress model (RSM) is a higher level, elaborate turbulence model. It is usually called a ''Second Order Closure''. This modelling approach originates from the work by [[#References|[Launder (1975)]]]. In RSM, the eddy viscosity approach has been discarded and the Reynolds stresses are directly computed. The exact Reynolds stress transport equation accounts for the directional effects of the Reynolds stress fields. == Equations == == Equations == + + The Reynolds stress model involves calculation of the individual Reynolds stresses, $\rho\overline{u'_iu'_j}$ , using differential transport equations. The individual Reynolds stresses are then used to obtain closure of the Reynolds-averaged momentum equation. + + The exact transport equations for the transport of the Reynolds stresses, $\overline{u'_iu'_j}$ , may be written as follows: + +
+ $+ \frac{\partial}{\partial t}\left(\rho \overline{u'_iu'_j}\right) + \frac{\partial}{\partial x_{k}}\left(\rho u_{k} \overline{u'_iu'_j}\right) = - \frac{\partial}{\partial x_k}\left[\rho \overline{u'_iu'_ju'_k} + \overline{p'\left(\delta_{kj}u'_i + \delta_{ik}u'_j\right)}\right]$ + + $+ + \frac{\partial}{\partial x_k}\left[{\mu \frac{\partial}{\partial x_k}\left(\overline{u'_iu'_j}\right)}\right] - \rho\left(\overline{u'_iu'_k}\frac{\partial u_j}{\partial x_k}+\overline{u'_ju'_k}\frac{\partial u_i}{\partial x_k}\right) - \rho\beta\left(g_i\overline{u'_j\theta}+g_j\overline{u'_i\theta}\right) +$ + + $+ + \overline{p'\left(\frac{\partial u'_i}{\partial x_j} + \frac{\partial u'_j}{\partial x_i}\right)} - 2\mu\overline{\frac{\partial u'_i}{\partial x_k} \frac{\partial u'_j}{\partial x_k}} +$ + + $+ -2\rho\Omega_k\left(\overline{u'_ju'_m}\epsilon_{ikm} + \overline{u'_iu'_m}\epsilon_{jkm}\right) + S_{user} +$ +
+ + or + +
+ Local Time Derivate + $C_{ij}$ = $D_{T,ij}$ + $D_{L,ij}$ + $P_{ij}$ + $G_{ij}$ + $\phi_{ij}$ - $\epsilon_{ij}$ + $F_{ij}$ + User-Defined Source Term +
+ + where $C_{ij}$ is the [[Convection]]-Term, $D_{T,ij}$ equals the [[Turbulent Diffusion]], $D_{L,ij}$ stands for the [[Molecular Diffusion]], $P_{ij}$ is the term for [[Stress]] Production, $G_{ij}$ equals [[Buoyancy]] Production, $\phi_{ij}$ is for the [[Pressure Strain]], $\epsilon_{ij}$ stands for the Dissipation and $F_{ij}$ is the Production by System Rotation. + + Of these terms, $C_{ij}$, $D_{L,ij}$, $P_{ij}$, and $F_{ij}$ do not require modeling. After all, $D_{T,ij}$, $G_{ij}$, $\phi_{ij}$, and $\epsilon_{ij}$ have to be modeled for closing the equations. + + ===Modeling Turbulent Diffusive Transport=== + + ===Modeling the Pressure-Strain Term=== + + ===Effects of Buoyancy on Turbulence=== + + ===Modeling the Turbulence Kinetic Energy=== + + ===Modeling the Dissipation Rate=== + + ===Modeling the Turbulent Viscosity=== + + ===Boundary Conditions for the Reynolds Stresses=== + + ===Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Modeling=== + + ===Return-to-isotropy models=== + For an anisotropic turbulence, the Reynolds stress tensor, + $\rho\overline{u'_iu'_j}$ , is usually anisotropic. The + second and third invariances of the Reynolds-stress anisotropic + tensor $b_{ij}$ are nontrivial, where + $b_{ij}=\overline{u'_iu'_j}/2k-\delta_{ij} /3$ and + $k = \overline{u'_iu'_i}/2$. It is naturally to suppose + that the anisotropy of the Reynolds-stress tensor results from the + anisotropy of turbulent production, dissipation, transport, + pressure-stain-rate, and the viscous diffusive tensors. The + Reynolds-stress tensor returns to isotropy when the anisotropy of + these turbulent components return to isotropy. Such a correlation is + described by the Reynolds stress transport equation. Based on these + consideration, a number of turbulent models, such as Rotta's model + and Lumley's return-to-isotropy model, have been established. + + Rotta's model describes the linear return-to-isotropy behavior of a + low Reynolds number homogenous turbulence in which the turbulent + production, transport, and rapid pressure-strain-rate are + negligible. The turbulence dissipation and slow pressure-strain-rate + are preponderant. Under these cirsumstance, Rotta suggested
+ $\frac{d b_{ij}}{dt}=-(C_{R}-1) \frac{\varepsilon}{k} + b_{ij}$
. Here, $C_{R}$ is called the Rotta constant. == Model constants == == Model constants == + + The constants suggested for use in this model are as follows: + + $C_s \approx 0.25, C_l \approx 0.25, C_\gamma \approx 0.25$ + == Model variants == == Model variants == + + ===LRR, Launder-Reece-Rodi=== + + {{reference-paper|year=1975|author=Launder, B. E., Reece, G. J. and Rodi, W.|title=Progress in the Development of a Reynolds-Stress Turbulent Closure.|rest=Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 68(3), pp. 537-566}} + + ===SSG, Speziale-Sarkar-Gatski=== + + {{reference-paper|year=1991|author=Speziale, C.G., Sarkar, S., Gatski, T.B.|title=Modeling the Pressure-Strain Correlation of Turbulence: an Invariant Dynamical Systems Approach|rest=Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 227, pp. 245-272}} + == Performance, applicability and limitations == == Performance, applicability and limitations == == Implementation issues == == Implementation issues == == References == == References == - {{reference-paper|year=1975|author=Launder, B. E., Reece, G. J. and Rodi, W.|title=Progress in the Development of Reynolds Stress Turbulent Closure|rest=Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 68, pp. 537-566}} + {{reference-paper|year=1975|author=Launder, B. E., Reece, G. J. and Rodi, W.|title=Progress in the Development of a Reynolds-Stress Turbulent Closure.|rest=Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 68(3), pp. 537-566}} + + {{Stub}} + [[Category:Turbulence models]]

## Introduction

The Reynold's stress model (RSM) is a higher level, elaborate turbulence model. It is usually called a Second Order Closure. This modelling approach originates from the work by [Launder (1975)]. In RSM, the eddy viscosity approach has been discarded and the Reynolds stresses are directly computed. The exact Reynolds stress transport equation accounts for the directional effects of the Reynolds stress fields.

## Equations

The Reynolds stress model involves calculation of the individual Reynolds stresses, $\rho\overline{u'_iu'_j}$ , using differential transport equations. The individual Reynolds stresses are then used to obtain closure of the Reynolds-averaged momentum equation.

The exact transport equations for the transport of the Reynolds stresses, $\overline{u'_iu'_j}$ , may be written as follows:

$\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\left(\rho \overline{u'_iu'_j}\right) + \frac{\partial}{\partial x_{k}}\left(\rho u_{k} \overline{u'_iu'_j}\right) = - \frac{\partial}{\partial x_k}\left[\rho \overline{u'_iu'_ju'_k} + \overline{p'\left(\delta_{kj}u'_i + \delta_{ik}u'_j\right)}\right]$

$+ \frac{\partial}{\partial x_k}\left[{\mu \frac{\partial}{\partial x_k}\left(\overline{u'_iu'_j}\right)}\right] - \rho\left(\overline{u'_iu'_k}\frac{\partial u_j}{\partial x_k}+\overline{u'_ju'_k}\frac{\partial u_i}{\partial x_k}\right) - \rho\beta\left(g_i\overline{u'_j\theta}+g_j\overline{u'_i\theta}\right)$

$+ \overline{p'\left(\frac{\partial u'_i}{\partial x_j} + \frac{\partial u'_j}{\partial x_i}\right)} - 2\mu\overline{\frac{\partial u'_i}{\partial x_k} \frac{\partial u'_j}{\partial x_k}}$

$-2\rho\Omega_k\left(\overline{u'_ju'_m}\epsilon_{ikm} + \overline{u'_iu'_m}\epsilon_{jkm}\right) + S_{user}$

or

Local Time Derivate + $C_{ij}$ = $D_{T,ij}$ + $D_{L,ij}$ + $P_{ij}$ + $G_{ij}$ + $\phi_{ij}$ - $\epsilon_{ij}$ + $F_{ij}$ + User-Defined Source Term

where $C_{ij}$ is the Convection-Term, $D_{T,ij}$ equals the Turbulent Diffusion, $D_{L,ij}$ stands for the Molecular Diffusion, $P_{ij}$ is the term for Stress Production, $G_{ij}$ equals Buoyancy Production, $\phi_{ij}$ is for the Pressure Strain, $\epsilon_{ij}$ stands for the Dissipation and $F_{ij}$ is the Production by System Rotation.

Of these terms, $C_{ij}$, $D_{L,ij}$, $P_{ij}$, and $F_{ij}$ do not require modeling. After all, $D_{T,ij}$, $G_{ij}$, $\phi_{ij}$, and $\epsilon_{ij}$ have to be modeled for closing the equations.

### Return-to-isotropy models

For an anisotropic turbulence, the Reynolds stress tensor, $\rho\overline{u'_iu'_j}$ , is usually anisotropic. The second and third invariances of the Reynolds-stress anisotropic tensor $b_{ij}$ are nontrivial, where $b_{ij}=\overline{u'_iu'_j}/2k-\delta_{ij} /3$ and $k = \overline{u'_iu'_i}/2$. It is naturally to suppose that the anisotropy of the Reynolds-stress tensor results from the anisotropy of turbulent production, dissipation, transport, pressure-stain-rate, and the viscous diffusive tensors. The Reynolds-stress tensor returns to isotropy when the anisotropy of these turbulent components return to isotropy. Such a correlation is described by the Reynolds stress transport equation. Based on these consideration, a number of turbulent models, such as Rotta's model and Lumley's return-to-isotropy model, have been established.

Rotta's model describes the linear return-to-isotropy behavior of a low Reynolds number homogenous turbulence in which the turbulent production, transport, and rapid pressure-strain-rate are negligible. The turbulence dissipation and slow pressure-strain-rate

are preponderant. Under these cirsumstance, Rotta suggested
$\frac{d b_{ij}}{dt}=-(C_{R}-1) \frac{\varepsilon}{k} b_{ij}$
. Here, $C_{R}$ is called the Rotta constant.

## Model constants

The constants suggested for use in this model are as follows:

$C_s \approx 0.25, C_l \approx 0.25, C_\gamma \approx 0.25$

## Model variants

### LRR, Launder-Reece-Rodi

Launder, B. E., Reece, G. J. and Rodi, W. (1975), "Progress in the Development of a Reynolds-Stress Turbulent Closure.", Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 68(3), pp. 537-566.

### SSG, Speziale-Sarkar-Gatski

Speziale, C.G., Sarkar, S., Gatski, T.B. (1991), "Modeling the Pressure-Strain Correlation of Turbulence: an Invariant Dynamical Systems Approach", Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 227, pp. 245-272.

## References

Launder, B. E., Reece, G. J. and Rodi, W. (1975), "Progress in the Development of a Reynolds-Stress Turbulent Closure.", Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 68(3), pp. 537-566.